Earth's Structure and Rocks Quiz

What is the main composition of the Earth's mantle?

Which of the following rocks is primarily monomineralic?

What is the density range of the Earth's core?

Which type of rock constitutes the majority of the Earth's crust by volume?

Which mineral is an example of a monomineralic rock?

What is the thickness of the Earth's inner core?

Which type of scientific study focuses on the origin of rocks?

Which type of rock is classified as igneous?

What is the overall density of the Earth?

What percentage of the Earth's crust is made up of igneous rocks?

Mantle

Thickness: 2,900 km
Composition: silicon, oxygen, aluminium, iron, and magnesium
Density: 3.0 to 4.5 g/cm³

Core

Location: Inner portion of the Earth
Thickness: 3500 km
Composition: Metals like iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni)
Density: 9.0 to 12 g/cm³
Inner core: solid Fe and Ni
Outer core: melted Fe and Ni

Density of Earth

Overall density: 5.5 g/cm³

Rocks and Minerals

Rock: Naturally occurring, hard mass of mineral matter formed after molten magma solidifies
Composition: Composed of two or more rock-forming minerals (e.g., granite, basalt, gneiss)
Monomineralic rocks: Composed of only one mineral (e.g., olivine, dunite, forsterite)
Note: Most rocks are composed of several minerals, not a single mineral
"Pure" monomineralic rocks rarely exist in nature

Petrology and Petrography

Petrology: Study of rocks, including their origin
Petrography: Description of rocks, including chemical composition and crystalline structure

Rocks in the Earth's Crust

Up to 5 km:
- Igneous rocks: 18%
- Sedimentary rocks: 74%
Whole Earth's Crust:
- Igneous rocks: 95%
Examples of sedimentary rocks:
- Shales (52%)
- Sandstones (15%)
- Limestone & Dolomite (7%)
- Others (8%): conglomerate, chert

Test your knowledge on the Earth's structure, including the mantle and core, as well as the properties of different rocks and minerals. Explore concepts like density and petrology to understand the composition and classification of Earth's materials.