Earth's Layers and Seafloor Spreading Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What causes the motion of the lithospheric plates?

  • Gravitational forces between the plates
  • Volcanic eruptions on the seafloor
  • Differences in the density of the crust
  • Mantle convection currents (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a type of seismic wave?

  • R-waves
  • L-waves (correct)
  • S-waves
  • P-waves

Which of these is a characteristic of the oceanic crust?

  • Thicker than the continental crust
  • Composed of granite rock
  • Older than the continental crust
  • Composed of basalt rock (correct)

What is the primary evidence that supports the theory of continental drift?

<p>Matching of continental coastlines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that drives seafloor spreading?

<p>Convection currents in the mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the continental crust and the oceanic crust?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of graph is best used when comparing different groups or categories?

<p>Bar Graph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plate tectonics, which variable is represented by the amount of fertilizer a farmer uses?

<p>Independent Variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main evidence supporting the Theory of Continental Drift related to similar plants and animals found in different continents?

<p>Matching of Fossils Across Seas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is described by rocks being younger at the mid-ocean ridge and older further away?

<p>Seafloor Spreading (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seismic wave causes the most destruction during an earthquake?

<p>S-Waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind the Continental Drift Theory?

<p>Movement of Continents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the hot fluid to rise and the cold fluid to sink in a convection current?

<p>Difference in densities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate boundary is responsible for creating the Atlantic Ocean?

<p>Divergent boundary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two oceanic plates collide at a subduction zone?

<p>One plate slides beneath the other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of margin results in plates shifting away from each other?

<p>Divergent boundary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is produced when two continental plates collide?

<p>Himalayan Range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a Transform Fault Boundary?

<p>Conservative margin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What drives plate tectonics?

The movement of the Earth's lithospheric plates is driven by the heat-powered currents within the mantle.

What are L-waves?

Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth. L-waves are not a type of seismic wave. There are P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves.

What is oceanic crust made of?

Oceanic crust is primarily composed of basalt rock, a dark-colored volcanic rock. It is denser than continental crust.

What evidence supports continental drift?

The matching coastlines of continents across the Atlantic Ocean suggest they were once joined together, supporting the idea of continental drift.

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What causes seafloor spreading?

Seafloor spreading is the process of new oceanic crust forming at mid-ocean ridges and moving away from the ridge. It is driven by the convection currents within the mantle.

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What's the main difference between oceanic and continental crust?

The main difference is in their composition: oceanic crust is denser and made of basalt, while continental crust is less dense and made of granite.

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Which graph is best for comparing categories?

A bar graph is best for comparing different groups or categories because it visually represents the data with bars of different heights. It makes it easy to see the differences.

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What is an independent variable in an experiment?

An independent variable is the factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment. It is what is being tested.

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What evidence supports continental drift related to fossils?

The discovery of similar fossils on different continents, separated by vast oceans, indicates those continents were once connected, supporting the theory of continental drift.

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What is the concept behind seafloor spreading and age of rocks?

Seafloor spreading is the process of creation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges and its movement away from the ridge. This results in younger rocks near the ridge and older rocks further away.

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Which seismic wave is most destructive?

S-waves are shear waves that cause a shaking motion. This type of wave is more destructive than P-waves because it causes the ground to move side-to-side.

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What is the key concept of Continental Drift?

The Continental Drift theory proposes that the Earth's continents have moved over geological time, changing their positions on the Earth's surface.

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Why does hot fluid rise in convection?

Hot fluid rises because it is less dense than cold fluid. Cold fluid sinks because it is denser. This difference in density drives convection currents.

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What plate boundary created the Atlantic Ocean?

Divergent boundaries are where tectonic plates move apart. The Atlantic Ocean is expanding because of the movement of these plates away from each other.

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What happens when oceanic plates collide?

When two oceanic plates collide, the denser plate subducts beneath the less dense plate. This process creates trenches and volcanic arcs.

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What is a divergent boundary?

Divergent boundaries are characterized by plates moving away from each other, creating new crust along the boundary.

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What happens when continental plates collide?

The collision of two continental plates creates folds and thrust faults, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges. The Himalayan Range is an example of this.

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What is another name for a Transform Fault Boundary?

A transform fault boundary, also known as a conservative margin, is a type of tectonic plate boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally.

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