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Questions and Answers
What is a fault in the context of geology?
What happens to the layers when a fault occurs?
What is the analogy used to explain how faults work?
What is the correct order of formation of the layers in the diagram?
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What is the intrusion in the diagram?
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What can be inferred about the layers on both sides of the intrusion?
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What is the significance of the fault line in the diagram?
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What can be inferred about the relative age of the layers?
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What happens to the intrusion at the fault?
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What is the correct order of events in the diagram?
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Study Notes
Layers Within the Earth
- The concept of layers within the Earth can be compared to a giant jawbreaker, with each layer representing a record of time passing, and the deeper you go, the farther back in the history of the rock layers.
- The layers of rock beneath our feet are similar to the layers of candy in a jawbreaker, with each layer forming a sequence of events.
Relative Dating
- Relative dating is a method used in geology to determine the order of events without using actual ages.
- It compares rocks and rock layers (strata) by looking at what is immediately around them.
- The general rule of thumb is that older layers are found at the bottom and newer layers are found at the top, relative to the other layers.
- This method only provides a sequence of what happened before or after some other event, not an actual date the event happened or a true age.
Disruptions Within the Layers
- Rocks don't always form in layers; sometimes they melt upward through existing rock, forming an intrusion.
- An intrusion is when molten rock invades preexisting layers, and can occur where volcanoes are forming.
- Different types of intrusions include batholiths, sills, dikes, and laccoliths.
- Faults can also disrupt the layers of rocks, causing them to shift up or down and change their appearance.
Understanding the Layers
- A diagram can be used to summarize the information about the layers and intrusions.
- The diagram shows three strata, two of which are cut by an intrusion, with the bottom layer being the oldest and the top layer being the youngest.
- The intrusion happened after the formation of the bottom two layers, and before the formation of the top layer.
- A fault can also be seen in the diagram, which happened after the intrusion and caused the layers to shift and move past each other.
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Description
Learn about the layers of the Earth, from the crust to the core, and how they compare to layered candies like gobstoppers and jawbreakers.
