Questions and Answers
What causes most natural earthquakes?
Which terminology is used for a volcano that has erupted in the Holocene epoch?
What is a potential hazard that can occur due to earthquakes?
Which of the following describes the location of the Manila Trench?
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What type of tectonic activity occurs around the Ring of Fire?
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What mechanism leads to the generation of earthquake vibrations?
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What is liquefaction in the context of earthquakes?
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Which type of volcano is referred to as inactive or extinct?
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What is caused by strong earthquakes and involves the mixing of soil and groundwater?
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Which of the following describes the differences between tsunamis and seiches?
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Which natural sign indicates an impending tsunami?
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What occurs during earthquake-induced landslides?
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What primarily generates tsunamis?
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What is ground rapture associated with during an earthquake?
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What is the main difference between tsunamis and tidal waves?
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Which of the following hazards is directly related to strong shaking during an earthquake?
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What sound might indicate the approach of a tsunami?
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What should you do if abnormal ocean activity occurs and you feel severe ground shaking?
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Which of the following describes a phenomenon that could occur prior to a tsunami?
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What does the term 'abnormal ocean activity' refer to in the context of a tsunami?
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What visual phenomenon can indicate the arrival of a tsunami?
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Study Notes
Earthquake Overview
- Earthquakes, or quakes, tremors, or temblors, involve the shaking of the Earth's surface due to sudden energy release in the lithosphere, producing seismic waves.
Earthquake Hazards
- Common earthquake hazards include ground shaking, ground rupture, liquefaction, earthquake-induced landslides, and tsunamis.
Ground Shaking
- Ground shaking occurs at varying intensities during an earthquake and is the primary hazard, affecting structures and landscapes.
Ground Rupture
- Ground rupture represents deformation at the Earth's surface due to fault movement, marking the point of interaction of seismic activity.
Liquefaction
- Liquefaction occurs when ground shaking mixes sand or soil with groundwater, potentially leading to foundation instability during moderate to strong earthquakes.
Earthquake-Induced Landslides
- Strong seismic activity can trigger the downslope movement of rocks, soil, and debris, posing risks to nearby areas.
Tsunamis
- Tsunamis, often mistaken for tidal waves, are massive ocean waves generated by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
- Seiches are smaller wave phenomena that can also result from changing pressure conditions or earthquakes.
Natural Signs of an Impending Tsunami
- Severe ground shaking from local earthquakes is a precursor to potential tsunami activity.
- A significant retreat of water from shorelines may reveal the ocean floor and is an indicator of an approaching tsunami.
- Abnormal ocean behavior accompanied by a loud roaring sound akin to trains or jet aircraft signals an impending tsunami.
Emergency Response to Tsunami Signs
- In the presence of tsunami warning signs, individuals should not wait for official evacuation orders but immediately seek higher ground away from coastal areas.
Active and Inactive Volcanoes
- Active volcanoes have erupted in the Holocene epoch (approximately the last 11,700 years), while inactive volcanoes, or extinct volcanoes, have not erupted for an extended period and are considered unlikely to erupt again.
Manila Trench and the Ring of Fire
- The Manila Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean near the Philippines and is a significant seismic zone.
- The Ring of Fire is a tectonically active area characterized by numerous volcanoes and earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of various earthquake hazards, including ground shaking, liquefaction, ground rupture, and induced landslides. Learners will explore how these factors contribute to the risk associated with seismic events. Gain insights into the physical impacts of earthquakes on the environment and human structures.
