Earthquake Hazards and Ground Motion

The energy released by an earthquake sets many processes into action, and may have both short-term and long-term ______.

During an earthquake, buildings may sway with a characteristic frequency that depends on the building's ______, size, construction, underlying material, and magnitude of the earthquake.

Ground breaks or ruptures may have horizontal, vertical, or combined ______ across them and may cause considerable damage.

______ wasting is the movement of material downhill.

In most instances, ______ wasting occurs by a slow gradual creeping of soils and rocks downhill.

Large volumes of rock, soil, and all that is built on it may suddenly collapse in a ______.

P(t) = applied ______ vector

X(t) = ______ vector

Mx(t) = ______ force of resisting system

The variation of the kinetic and potential energies plus the variation of work done by the non-conservative forces considered during any time interval t1 to t2 must be equal to ______

The mass of the structure is assumed to be concentrated at the floor level of the ______

When seismic excitation is applied to the base of a structure, it produces a time-dependent response in each element dependent on ______, velocity and acceleration

Liquefaction is a process where sudden shaking of certain types of water-saturated ______ and muds turns these once-solid sediments into a slurry.

Areas that were far inland also suffered from changes in ______ level;

Tsunamis, also known as seismic ______ waves, are usually generated from submarine landslides.

Seiche waves may be generated by the back-and-forth motion associated with ______, causing a body of water to rock back and forth.

Earthquakes frequently impact populous urban areas with poor structural ______, resulting in high death rates and mass casualties.

Provision of primary care for chronic health problems must also be continued post-______, which can be challenging if the physical environment and healthcare infrastructure have been interrupted.

Rescuers and healthcare providers can suffer from both earthquake-related injuries and mental health ______.

The inertia forces resulting from structural displacements are, in turn, influenced by the magnitude of the ______.

The deflected shape of the structure is assumed to be expressed as the sum of a series specified ______ patterns.

The FINITE ELEMENT PROCEDURE is most efficient for expressing the displacement of ______ structural configuration.

D'Alembert PRINCIPLE states that a mass develops an inertia force proportional to its ______ and opposing it.

The GENERALIZED DISPLACEMENT PROCEDURE is most effective for a system where the ______ is quite uniformly distributed throughout.

Dependent on ______, strain hardening, strain softening, stiffness degradation, ductility and energy absorption

The upper part of the building remains in delay in respect to the ______ moving, due to its mass.

This causes strong vibrations of the structure with resonance phenomena between the structure and the ______, and thus large inertial forces arise.

Effects of building’s and city’s weight on ______ motions

Torsion is the result of rotation of an eccentric or a less rigid mass about the basic or the more rigid mass of the ______.

VULNERABILITY OF ______