Earthquake Engineering Principles and Procedures

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What does earthquake engineering involve?

Improving soil quality for agriculture
Measuring seismic waves through the earth
Studying the geophysical process that causes earthquakes
Designing structures to resist earthquake forces (correct)

In earthquake engineering, what is the main purpose of analyzing structures and the surrounding environment?

To predict future earthquakes
To determine the maximum stresses on structures (correct)
To study the geological formation of the earth
To measure the magnitude of seismic waves

How does earthquake engineering contribute to protecting society?

By focusing on the study of seismic waves
By minimizing the seismic risk to acceptable levels (correct)
By causing earthquakes in controlled environments
By predicting the exact timing of earthquakes

What is the significance of improving soils and stabilizing natural slopes in earthquake engineering?

To guarantee the stability of structures on weak soils or slopes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of configuring and detailing structures in earthquake engineering?

To make structures resist seismic stresses and deformations (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes seismology?

The study of seismic wave generation, propagation, and measurement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the asthenosphere in plate tectonics?

It enables the motion of lithospheric plates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate death toll due to earthquakes globally between 1998-2017?

750,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many earthquakes does PHIVOLCS record on average per day?

20 (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many people were affected by earthquakes between 1998-2017?

125 million (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the official total number of confirmed dead or missing individuals from the Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011?

18,500 (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do earthquake forces affect the structural analysis of buildings?

They increase the need for reinforcement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of particle motion is associated with Love waves?

Horizontal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are Love waves considered dispersive?

Because they can only propagate in a velocity layered medium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Love wave velocity and wavelength?

Velocity of long wavelength Love waves is close to S-wave velocity in the half-space (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are Love waves generated according to Love (1911)?

By constructive interference of reflected SH-waves from top and bottom of a soil layer (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what direction do Love waves propagate?

Perpendicular to the particle motion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the angle of reflection at the base of a soil layer is less than the critical angle?

S-waves are trapped in the soil layer (A) Signup and view all the answers