Earthquake Engineering Concepts Quiz

Earthquakes are one of the most devastating natural hazards that cause great loss of ______ and livelihood.

Over the past few decades, earthquake engineering has developed as a branch of engineering concerned with the estimation of earthquake consequences and the mitigation of these ______ consequences.

The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the earth, which includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the ______, the outermost layers of earth's structure.

Subduction is the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another ______.

Seismic quiescence refers to the relative increase in number of earthquakes or energy in any area of a seismic active region within a certain time interval in comparison with long-term observations in the same ______.

Faults are fractures or zone of fractures between two blocks of ______.

Earthquake engineering is a branch of ______ engineering that provides the principles and procedures for the planning, analysis, and design of structures and facilities that are capable of resisting the effects of earthquake.

An earthquake is manifested as ground shaking caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s ______.

Earthquakes are now recognized to be the symptoms of active tectonic ______.

Plates are large and stable rigid rock slabs with a thickness of about 100 km forming the crust or ______ and part of the upper mantle of the Earth.

The mantle is the portion of the Earth’s interior below the crust, extending from a depth of about 30 km to about 2900 km; it consists of dense ______ rocks.

The lithosphere moves differentially on the underlying ______, which is a softer warmer layer around 400 km thick at a depth of about 50 km in the upper mantle.

The horizontal movement of the lithosphere is caused by convection currents in the ______; the velocity of the movement is about 1–10 cm/year.

Earthquake occurrence may be explained by the theory of large‐scale tectonic processes, referred to as ‘______ tectonics’.

This energy may originate from different sources, such as dislocations of the crust, volcanic eruptions or even by man‐made explosions or the collapse of ______ cavities, such as mines.

The theory of plate tectonics derives from the theory of continental drift and ______ spreading.

What is earthquake engineering primarily concerned with?

What is the lithosphere?

What causes the horizontal movement of the lithosphere according to the text?

What are earthquakes defined as?

What are plates according to the text?

What theory does the theory of plate tectonics derive from?

What is an earthquake manifested as?

What is the asthenosphere according to the text?

What is the term for the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate?

What is the term used to describe the relative increase in the number of earthquakes or energy in any area of a seismic active region within a certain time interval in comparison with long-term observations in the same region?

What are earthquakes recognized to be the symptoms of?

What theory derives from the theory of continental drift and seafloor spreading?

What is the solid, outer part of the earth, which includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, known as?

What are fractures or zones of fractures between two blocks of rock referred to as?