Earthquake Causes and Effects

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What causes earthquakes along tectonic plates and intraplate faults?

Volcanic eruptions

Plate collisions

Convection currents

Fault motion (correct)

Which type of fault is characterized by plates sliding past each other horizontally?

Strike-slip fault (correct)

Reverse fault

Normal fault

Transform fault

What natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes?

Volcanic eruptions

Tornadoes

Hurricanes

Tsunamis (correct)

What theory explains why the ground shakes during an earthquake?

Elastic rebound theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the fifth step in a typical tectonic earthquake sequence?

Aftershocks Signup and view all the answers

How do tectonic plates interact with each other at a fault line?

Slide past each other Signup and view all the answers

Which layers of Earth experience seismic wave travel during an earthquake?

Crust and mantle Signup and view all the answers

What type of fault is associated with compressional stress causing one block of rock to move up and over another block?

Reverse fault Signup and view all the answers

What is released when a fault ruptures during an earthquake?

Energy or pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the location on Earth's surface directly above the focus called?

Epicenter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is NOT one of the three main regions where most earthquakes occur?

Mid-Atlantic Ridge Signup and view all the answers

What type of seismic wave travels the fastest and moves longitudinally?

P-waves Signup and view all the answers

Which seismic wave is considered the most damaging?

Rayleigh waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the scale used to measure the size and strength of an earthquake called?

Richter scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the location where two tectonic plates meet?

Fault Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of minor earthquakes?

Tidal forces Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the largest quake in a series of earthquakes?

Mainshock Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is used to measure seismic activity and create a seismogram?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate scale for measuring the size and strength of an earthquake?

Moment magnitude scale (MMO) Signup and view all the answers

What are the four distinct types of volcanoes?

Composite Cone, Shield Cone, Cinder Cone, and Lava Dome Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is considered the most explosive?

Composite Cone Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily determines the viscosity of lava?

The concentration of silica Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lava has a low viscosity due to its low silica and high iron and magnesium content?

Mafic lava Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common gas emitted during a volcanic eruption?

Water vapor Signup and view all the answers

How can volcanic gases contribute to global warming?

By trapping heat emitted from the Earth's surface and forcing it to return to the Earth Signup and view all the answers

What type of lava flow morphology is characterized by a smooth, ropy surface?

Pahoehoe lava flow Signup and view all the answers

What are pyroclastic flows?

Dense collections of rock fragments, ash, and gases resulting from highly explosive eruptions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lava flow is associated with the formation of lava domes?

Felsic lava flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

The composition of the lava Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Richter scale?

To measure the intensity or magnitude of earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Richter scale is true?

It is a logarithmic scale, where each unit increase represents a ten-fold increase in earthquake intensity. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the moment magnitude scale developed?

To better measure the intensity of medium to high-magnitude earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of damage that can be caused by earthquakes?

Tsunamis, if the earthquake occurs on land Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that leads to volcanic eruptions?

Hot magma and gases building up pressure and pushing through the crust Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Magma is the molten rock found inside the Earth, while lava is the molten rock that has erupted onto the surface. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of volcanic eruption mentioned in the text?

Krakatoan Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of volcanoes and their eruptions called?

Volcanology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the shape and characteristics of a volcano?

The type of volcano Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the movement of the Earth's surface due to the breaking apart of rocks underneath?

Seismic activity Signup and view all the answers

What causes earthquakes to occur?

Motion along a fault Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of faults?

Strike-slip, normal, and reverse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

The composition of the magma Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in a typical tectonic earthquake sequence?

The fault ruptures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following seismic waves travel through the interior of the Earth?

P-waves and S-waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that explains why the ground shakes during an earthquake?

Elastic rebound theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the Earth made of?

Tectonic plates Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the location where two tectonic plates meet?

Fault line Signup and view all the answers

What natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes?

Tsunamis Signup and view all the answers

What is the fifth step in a typical tectonic earthquake sequence?

Aftershocks Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes composite cone volcanoes from lava dome volcanoes?

Eruptive style Signup and view all the answers

How do viscous lavas differ from fluid lavas in terms of explosiveness?

Viscous lavas trap gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary gas emitted during a volcanic eruption that can contribute to global warming and be harmful to humans?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

How do sulfur dioxide aerosols contribute to environmental effects after a volcanic eruption?

They lead to acid rain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lava is characterized by high silica content and results in highly explosive eruptions?

Felsic lava Signup and view all the answers

What are pyroclastic flows primarily composed of?

Rock fragments, ash, and gases Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seismic wave travels through the Earth's interior?

Body waves and Surface waves Signup and view all the answers

What type of earthquake is the largest in a series and occurs between foreshocks and aftershocks?

Mainshock Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate scale for measuring the size and strength of an earthquake?

Moment Magnitude Scale (MMO) Signup and view all the answers

What causes aftershocks following a main earthquake?

Energy transfer from rocks during a main earthquake Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seismic wave is slower but more damaging than P-waves?

S-waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a seismograph during seismic activity?

To create a seismogram of earthquake movements Signup and view all the answers

Which scale is most useful for measuring mid-range earthquakes and is logarithmic?

Richter-Magnitude Scale Signup and view all the answers

How do geologists determine which quakes are foreshocks, mainshocks, and aftershocks?

Observing the order of quake occurrences on a seismogram Signup and view all the answers

What type of seismic wave moves across the Earth's surface like a wave in the ocean?

Rayleigh waves Signup and view all the answers

In terms of seismic waves, which type originates from the center of an earthquake similar to ripples in water?

Rayleigh waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Richter scale?

To measure the intensity of small to medium-sized earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Richter scale is true?

It is a logarithmic scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the movement of the Earth's surface due to the breaking apart of rocks underneath?

Seismic activity Signup and view all the answers

Why was the moment magnitude scale developed?

To better measure the intensity of medium to high-intensity earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the viscosity of lava?

Silica content Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate scale for measuring the size and strength of an earthquake?

Moment magnitude scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that leads to volcanic eruptions?

The buildup of pressure from hot magma and gases inside the Earth Signup and view all the answers

Earthquake Causes and Effects

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Questions and Answers

What causes earthquakes along tectonic plates and intraplate faults?

Which type of fault is characterized by plates sliding past each other horizontally?

What natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes?

What theory explains why the ground shakes during an earthquake?

What is the fifth step in a typical tectonic earthquake sequence?

How do tectonic plates interact with each other at a fault line?

Which layers of Earth experience seismic wave travel during an earthquake?

What type of fault is associated with compressional stress causing one block of rock to move up and over another block?

What is released when a fault ruptures during an earthquake?

What is the location on Earth's surface directly above the focus called?

Which of the following regions is NOT one of the three main regions where most earthquakes occur?

What type of seismic wave travels the fastest and moves longitudinally?

Which seismic wave is considered the most damaging?

What is the scale used to measure the size and strength of an earthquake called?

What is the term used to describe the location where two tectonic plates meet?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of minor earthquakes?

What is the term used to describe the largest quake in a series of earthquakes?

What type of device is used to measure seismic activity and create a seismogram?

Which of the following is the most accurate scale for measuring the size and strength of an earthquake?

What are the four distinct types of volcanoes?

Which type of volcano is considered the most explosive?

What factor primarily determines the viscosity of lava?

Which type of lava has a low viscosity due to its low silica and high iron and magnesium content?

What is the most common gas emitted during a volcanic eruption?

How can volcanic gases contribute to global warming?

What type of lava flow morphology is characterized by a smooth, ropy surface?

What are pyroclastic flows?

Which type of lava flow is associated with the formation of lava domes?

What is the primary factor that determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

What is the primary purpose of the Richter scale?

Which of the following statements about the Richter scale is true?

Why was the moment magnitude scale developed?

Which of the following is NOT a type of damage that can be caused by earthquakes?

What is the process that leads to volcanic eruptions?

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Which of the following is NOT a type of volcanic eruption mentioned in the text?

What is the study of volcanoes and their eruptions called?

What is the primary factor that determines the shape and characteristics of a volcano?

What is the term used for the movement of the Earth's surface due to the breaking apart of rocks underneath?

What causes earthquakes to occur?

What are the three main types of faults?

What is the primary factor that determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

What is the first step in a typical tectonic earthquake sequence?

Which of the following seismic waves travel through the interior of the Earth?

What is the theory that explains why the ground shakes during an earthquake?

What is the outermost layer of the Earth made of?

What is the term used to describe the location where two tectonic plates meet?

What natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes?

What is the fifth step in a typical tectonic earthquake sequence?

What distinguishes composite cone volcanoes from lava dome volcanoes?

How do viscous lavas differ from fluid lavas in terms of explosiveness?

What is the primary gas emitted during a volcanic eruption that can contribute to global warming and be harmful to humans?

How do sulfur dioxide aerosols contribute to environmental effects after a volcanic eruption?

Which type of lava is characterized by high silica content and results in highly explosive eruptions?

What are pyroclastic flows primarily composed of?

Which type of seismic wave travels through the Earth's interior?

What type of earthquake is the largest in a series and occurs between foreshocks and aftershocks?

What is the most accurate scale for measuring the size and strength of an earthquake?

What causes aftershocks following a main earthquake?

Which type of seismic wave is slower but more damaging than P-waves?

What is the purpose of using a seismograph during seismic activity?

Which scale is most useful for measuring mid-range earthquakes and is logarithmic?

How do geologists determine which quakes are foreshocks, mainshocks, and aftershocks?

What type of seismic wave moves across the Earth's surface like a wave in the ocean?

In terms of seismic waves, which type originates from the center of an earthquake similar to ripples in water?

What is the primary purpose of the Richter scale?

Which of the following statements about the Richter scale is true?

What is the term used to describe the movement of the Earth's surface due to the breaking apart of rocks underneath?

Why was the moment magnitude scale developed?

What is the primary factor that determines the viscosity of lava?

Which of the following is the most accurate scale for measuring the size and strength of an earthquake?

What is the process that leads to volcanic eruptions?

What is the term used to describe the largest quake in a series of earthquakes?

Which type of volcano is considered the most explosive?

What type of seismic wave travels the fastest and moves longitudinally?

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