Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in ground subsidence?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in ground subsidence?
- The consistent and slow deposit of sediments in a river delta over many years.
- An earthquake triggering liquefaction in an area with loose, saturated sediments. (correct)
- A gradual increase in the water table level in an area with clay-rich soil.
- Construction of a large dam and reservoir in a mountainous region.
Earthquake intensity, as measured by scales like the Rossi-Forel Scale, is directly proportional to an earthquake's magnitude as measured by the Richter scale.
Earthquake intensity, as measured by scales like the Rossi-Forel Scale, is directly proportional to an earthquake's magnitude as measured by the Richter scale.
False (B)
Describe how ground shaking during an earthquake can lead to secondary hazards beyond direct structural damage.
Describe how ground shaking during an earthquake can lead to secondary hazards beyond direct structural damage.
Ground shaking can trigger landslides, cause liquefaction leading to ground subsidence, and initiate tsunamis if the earthquake occurs under the ocean.
PHIVOLCS develops earthquake hazard maps to inform the public about potential hazards, with the goal of minimizing the impact on normal activities in an ______ community.
PHIVOLCS develops earthquake hazard maps to inform the public about potential hazards, with the goal of minimizing the impact on normal activities in an ______ community.
Match each earthquake-related hazard with its primary effect:
Match each earthquake-related hazard with its primary effect:
Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of a tsunami?
Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of a tsunami?
Volcanic earthquakes are measured using the Richter Scale, while tectonic earthquakes are measured using the PSEi Scale.
Volcanic earthquakes are measured using the Richter Scale, while tectonic earthquakes are measured using the PSEi Scale.
Explain the relationship between earthquakes and landslides, detailing how one can trigger the other and the potential consequences.
Explain the relationship between earthquakes and landslides, detailing how one can trigger the other and the potential consequences.
Which of the following describes the most significant threat posed by lahar?
Which of the following describes the most significant threat posed by lahar?
Volcanic ash fall solely affects areas immediately surrounding a volcano and poses no long-term environmental risks.
Volcanic ash fall solely affects areas immediately surrounding a volcano and poses no long-term environmental risks.
Explain how ground rupture can lead to topographical alteration and why this is a hazard.
Explain how ground rupture can lead to topographical alteration and why this is a hazard.
The phenomenon where sediments near bodies of water behave like liquid during seismic activity is known as ______.
The phenomenon where sediments near bodies of water behave like liquid during seismic activity is known as ______.
Match each volcanic hazard with its primary characteristic:
Match each volcanic hazard with its primary characteristic:
Which of the following is a primary effect of volcanic eruption?
Which of the following is a primary effect of volcanic eruption?
Lava flows are generally faster and more dangerous than pyroclastic flows due to their fluid nature.
Lava flows are generally faster and more dangerous than pyroclastic flows due to their fluid nature.
How do volcanic gases pose a threat to both the environment and human health?
How do volcanic gases pose a threat to both the environment and human health?
Flashcards
Earthquake
Earthquake
Ground shaking caused by tectonic plate movement or volcanic eruption.
Richter Scale
Richter Scale
Scale for measuring earthquake strength/magnitude.
Earthquake Hazard Map
Earthquake Hazard Map
A map showing potential earthquake hazards in specific areas.
Ground Shaking
Ground Shaking
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Ground Subsidence
Ground Subsidence
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Tsunami
Tsunami
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Landslide
Landslide
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Volcano Hazard
Volcano Hazard
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Ground Rupture
Ground Rupture
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Liquefaction
Liquefaction
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Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption
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Lahar
Lahar
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Ash Fall
Ash Fall
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Pyroclastic Flow
Pyroclastic Flow
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Lava Flow
Lava Flow
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Volcanic Gas
Volcanic Gas
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Study Notes
- Study notes on earthquake and volcanic hazards
Earthquake
- Ground shaking event due to tectonic plate movement or volcanic eruption
- Can be tectonic or volcanic
- Strength is measured using a seismograph
- The Richter Scale measures magnitude
- Intensity is measured thru PSEi Scale or Rossi Forrel Scale
Earthquake Hazard Maps
- PHIVOLCS develops hazard maps
- These maps inform the public about risks in specific areas
Earthquake Hazards
- Anything associated with an earthquake that affects normal activities in an exposed community
Ground Shaking
- Disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of the ground
- May cause infrastructure collapse
- Severe damage to roads and bridges is possible
- Can trigger other geological hazards
Ground Rupture
- Deformation on the ground marking the fault's intersection with the surface
- Damages infrastructure, especially elevated ones
- Topographical alteration
- Some areas may become unsafe
Liquefaction
- Phenomenon where sediments, especially near water, act like liquid
Ground Subsidence
- Sinking of the ground due to underground material movement
- Earthquakes commonly are associated with the subsidence
- Earthquakes decrease load bearing capacity of loose earth materials or sediments, due to liquefaction
Tsunami
- Series of waves typically caused by an undersea earthquake
- Effects include flooding, coastal erosion, drowning, and property damage
- Coastal alteration can result
Landslide
- Downslope movement of rocks, solid matter, and debris commonly triggered by strong shaking
- Causes erosion, burial, and road/river blockage
- Can damage physical/material community aspects
- Land alteration is possible
Volcano Hazard
- Volcano related phenomena that pose potential threat or negative impact to life, property and the environment in a given period of time
Volcanic Eruption
- Lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent
- Population movements are a common consequence, as people flee lava flows
- Can cause food shortages and volcanic ash landslides
Lahar
- Mixture of water, pyroclastic materials, and rock fragments flowing down a volcano or river valley
- Powerful enough to remove trees, boulder and logs
- Structures can be partially or completely buried
Ash Fall
- Bits and pieces of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass from an eruption
- Can block sunlight, affecting weather
- May cause infrastructure collapse
- Corrosion and agricultural damage
- Adverse health effects like asthma
Pyroclastic Flow
- Fast moving fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases
- Very high temperature; burns everything
- Severe burns to humans and animals
- Rapid movement allows hazard to travel great distances, and causing more damage
- Can destroy agricultural lands
Ballistic Projectile
- Rock fragments ejected explosively
- Solid projectiles are termed blocks, partially molten ones are bombs
- Impact of projectiles causes damage
- Travel distances depend on eruption explosiveness
Volcanic Gases
- Consist of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, poisonous to organisms
- Can cause acid rain and corrosion of infrastructure
- May cause respiratory ailments
Lava Flow
- Molten rock from a volcano
- Slower than pyroclastic flow due to density
- Kills organisms, vegetation, and may damage infrastructure
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