16 Questions
What is the primary cause of a tsunami?
The ocean floor
What is the measure of an earthquake's magnitude?
Size of seismic waves it produces
What did Wegener's continental drift hypothesis state about the continents?
One major supercontinent
What supports Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis?
Fossils of the same organism have been found on different continents
What is the Earth's thin, rocky outer layer called?
Crust
What can violent shaking from an earthquake cause on slopes?
Landslide
What occurs when divergence happens within the oceanic lithosphere?
Seafloor spreading
When one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate, what forms?
A subduction zone
According to the theory of plate tectonics, what is divided into plates?
Lithosphere
What causes the thermal convection that drives plate motion?
Differences in temperature and density
How does magma form when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle?
Partially melts
What are the solid particles produced in volcanic eruptions called?
Pyroclastic materials
What type of volcanoes are the broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii?
Shield volcanoes
Where is brittle deformation generally seen?
In rocks near Earth’s surface
'An example of folded mountains can be seen in'
The Teton Range of Wyoming
What is associated with the process of orogenesis at divergent boundaries?
Volcanic island arcs
Study Notes
Tsunamis and Earthquakes
- The primary cause of a tsunami is the displacement of a large volume of water, usually as a result of an earthquake or landslide.
- The measure of an earthquake's magnitude is its size or strength, usually measured using the moment magnitude scale.
Continental Drift
- Wegener's continental drift hypothesis states that the continents were once joined together in a single supercontinent, Pangaea, which broke apart over time.
- Fossils of the same age and species found on different continents, and the matching of continental coastlines, support Wegener's continental drift hypothesis.
Earth's Structure
- The Earth's thin, rocky outer layer is called the lithosphere.
Earthquakes and Landslides
- Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause landslides on slopes.
Plate Tectonics
- When divergence happens within the oceanic lithosphere, new crust is created as magma rises to fill the gap.
- When one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate, a trench forms.
- According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates.
- Thermal convection in the Earth's mantle, driven by heat from the Earth's core, causes plate motion.
Volcanoes and Magma
- Magma forms when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle is heated and melts.
- The solid particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called pyroclasts.
- The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are examples of shield volcanoes.
Mountains and Deformation
- Brittle deformation is generally seen on the Earth's surface, where rocks are broken and faulted.
- Folded mountains, such as the Himalayas, are an example of the process of orogenesis that occurs at convergent boundaries.
Test your knowledge about earthquakes, faults, and tsunamis with this 20-question quiz. Evaluate your understanding of fault movement, tsunami occurrences, and the impact of earthquakes on the Earth's surface.
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