Earthquakes and Tsunamis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of an earthquake?

The point on the Earth's surface where the earthquake is felt the most.

The line along which the tectonic plates slip.

The distance from the epicenter to the nearest city.

The location within the Earth where the earthquake originates. (correct)

Tsunamis are always caused by underwater volcanic eruptions.

False (B)

Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory?

Alfred Wegener

The outermost layer of the Earth is called the ______.

crust Signup and view all the answers

Match the tectonic waves to their characteristics:

P Waves = Fastest waves that compress and stretch rocks S Waves = Move rocks side to side and are slower than P waves L Waves = Most destructive, move in circular or up-and-down motions Signup and view all the answers

What major event did the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake lead to?

A tsunami (B) Signup and view all the answers

Continental drift suggests that continents were once all connected as one large landmass.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

The hot, semi-liquid rock beneath the Earth's crust is known as ______.

magma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is characterized as unlikely to erupt again?

Extinct (A) Signup and view all the answers

All volcanoes are formed solely at divergent boundaries.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Divergent, Convergent, Transform Fault Signup and view all the answers

Magma rises to the surface when it is forced out through __________ tectonic boundaries.

convergent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their correct terms:

Epicenter = The point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus Tsunami = A large ocean wave caused by underwater seismic activity Continental Drift = The gradual movement of the continents across the Earth's surface Pangaea = The supercontinent that existed millions of years ago Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where most volcanic activity occurs?

Ring of Fire (A) Signup and view all the answers

Dormant volcanoes are currently active and showing signs of eruption.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between divergent and convergent boundaries.

Divergent boundaries are where tectonic plates move apart, creating new crust, while convergent boundaries are where plates collide, leading to subduction and mountain formation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are caused by tectonic plates slipping past each other, releasing energy in seismic waves.
Epicenter: The point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's origin.
Focus: The location within the Earth where the earthquake originates.
P waves (Primary waves): Fastest; compress and stretch rocks.
S waves (Secondary waves): Slower than P waves; move rocks side to side.
L waves (Surface waves): Most destructive; move in circular or up-and-down motions along the surface.
Understand the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes and tsunamis: (How, What, Where, When).

Tsunamis

Tsunamis are large waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or other crustal movements.
Historical Tsunamis (e.g., the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami, and 1883 Krakatau eruption).

Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift

Continental Drift Theory: Continents were once connected in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
Evidence for Continental Drift includes: similar fossils and mountain ranges found on separated continents; and matching glacial features.

Earth's Structure

Layers of the Earth: Crust (continental and oceanic), Mantle (magma), Core (outer liquid, inner solid).
Continental Crust/Oceanic Crust: Continental crust forms land, oceanic crust is found under oceans (is denser).
Diagram: Study and label the Earth's structure diagram.

Volcanoes

Volcano location: Primarily at tectonic plate boundaries, especially along the Ring of Fire.
Volcano types (by activity): Extinct (unlikely to erupt), Dormant (not currently active but may erupt), Active (showing signs of erupting or currently erupting).
Volcano Formation: Magma forms at boundaries and is forced out, often resulting in eruptions.

Plate Boundaries

Types of Plate Boundaries:
- Divergent: Plates move apart, creating new crust.
- Convergent: Plates collide, resulting in subduction, mountain formation or volcanic activity.
- Transform: Plates slide past each other without creating or destroying crust.
Seafloor Spreading: Hot magma rises, creating new crust, pushing continents apart over time.

Study Tips

Focus on definitions (epicenter, focus, tsunami, continental drift, Ring of Fire).
Understand Earth's structure diagram (crust, mantle, core).
Be familiar with historical events (e.g., Southeast Asian tsunami of 2004, Krakatau eruption).
Know the characteristics of P, S, and L waves (speed and destructiveness).
Practice labeling diagrams.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to earthquakes and tsunamis, including their causes, characteristics, and historical events. Test your knowledge on tectonic plate movements, seismic waves, and the impact of major tsunamis like the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Dive into the fascinating world of geology and natural disasters!