Earth Sciences Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which ongoing source of Earth's internal heat is primarily due to radioactive processes?

  • Convection in the mantle
  • Impact cratering
  • Solar radiation
  • Radioactive decay (correct)
  • Plate tectonics is exclusively known to occur on which planet?

  • Mars
  • Earth (correct)
  • Jupiter
  • Venus
  • What factor is believed to contribute to the absence of ongoing plate tectonics on Venus?

  • Lack of a moon
  • Strong lithosphere due to high temperatures (correct)
  • Increased radiation from the Sun
  • Insufficient internal heat
  • The loss of gas in an atmosphere due to thermal escape depends on which factors?

    <p>Temperature and atomic or molecular weight of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to most of the carbon dioxide emitted from volcanic activity over Earth's history?

    <p>It is locked in carbonate rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for Earth's recovery from a snowball phase?

    <p>Volcanic CO2 buildup in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When discussing the order displayed by living organisms, what does this specifically refer to?

    <p>Ordered structural patterns in organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the signal arrive at its destination?

    <p>2046</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does volcanic activity play in the carbon cycle over Earth's history?

    <p>Helps sequester carbon in rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted chemical composition of the universe at its beginning according to the Big Bang theory?

    <p>About 75% hydrogen and 25% helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the extent of the observable universe?

    <p>The age of the universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differs between isotopes of a particular element?

    <p>Neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of energy does gasoline possess that is used to make a car move?

    <p>Potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do we learn the speed at which a distant object is moving toward or away from us?

    <p>By identifying the shift, due to the Doppler effect, of spectral lines in its spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes jovian planets in our solar system?

    <p>Made mostly of hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds and orbit relatively far from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the vast majority of the material that made up the solar nebula?

    <p>Hydrogen and helium gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a world to be considered habitable?

    <p>It must have conditions suitable for life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current method employed by the SETI program?

    <p>Using telescopes to search for signals from other civilizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before the Greeks, what was the common belief about Earth?

    <p>It was flat and motionless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which astronomical object is essential for survival on Earth?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When planets are observed over multiple nights, what movement do they typically exhibit?

    <p>They generally move eastward relative to background stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Ptolemaic model, how is retrograde motion explained?

    <p>A planet moving backwards in a smaller circular orbit around Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stellar parallax refer to?

    <p>The shift in position of nearby stars due to Earth's orbit around the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kepler’s Second Law, when does a planet move fastest in its orbit?

    <p>When it is at its closest distance to the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the discovery of a supernova by Tycho Brahe in 1572 challenge?

    <p>The belief that the heavens were unchanging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breakthrough did Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons represent?

    <p>That Jupiter moved about the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Occam’s Razor suggest regarding two models that explain observations equally well?

    <p>The model that is simpler should be preferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on two identical asteroids located at different distances?

    <p>It is one-quarter for the more distant asteroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the fact that the same physical laws operate throughout the universe impact the search for extraterrestrial life?

    <p>It implies natural processes are consistent across worlds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a radio signal were sent to a star system 40 light-years away in 2006, when would the signal arrive?

    <p>In 2046 AD or 2047</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the characteristics of planetary orbits is true?

    <p>Kepler's laws govern the motion of planets in elliptical orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes viruses unique in the context of living and nonliving entities?

    <p>They require a host cell for reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is essential for the heredity of all known life on Earth?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered the most fundamental property of life by biologists?

    <p>The ability to undergo evolutionary adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a cell in living organisms?

    <p>To separate living matter from the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic requirement is essential for metabolism within cells?

    <p>A source of carbon and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the one essential element that no organism can survive without on Earth?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lower fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in an ancient rock suggest about its history?

    <p>It once contained living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it believed that life probably did not originate on the land surface?

    <p>Impacts would have destroyed early life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What experimental evidence supports the idea that RNA was the first hereditary molecule of life?

    <p>Short strands of RNA can spontaneously form with the aid of clay minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a reasonable explanation for life potentially arising on Venus or Mars?

    <p>Both planets had conditions favorable for life in their early histories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically linked to the Cambrian explosion?

    <p>The sudden appearance of land predators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group moved to land first and why?

    <p>Plants, because they provide food for other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timeframe in which most extinctions occurred following a presumed giant impact that caused the dinosaurs' mass extinction?

    <p>Over several months to years due to environmental disaster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Did all dinosaurs completely go extinct 66 million years ago?

    <p>No, some evolved into modern birds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the formation of self-replicating RNA?

    <p>They only form under ultraviolet light in aqueous environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception might someone have about the emergence of life on Mars compared to Venus?

    <p>Only Venus had the right conditions for life to develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam Information

    • Only allowable items on desk: exam booklet, crowdmark sheet, writing tools, York student ID or other photo ID
    • Exam contains 60 multiple-choice questions, each worth 1 mark; no penalty for guessing
    • Clearly mark answers on both exam booklet and crowdmark sheet
    • 2 hours to complete the exam
    • Attendance sheet will be circulated, photo ID required
    • Return exam booklet and crowdmark sheet to an invigilator upon completion

    Important Information (Fire Alarm)

    • Treat all fire alarms as emergencies
    • Leave exam papers on desk and follow invigilators to nearest exit
    • Take belongings quickly
    • Remain with invigilators outside until exam can resume or period ends (whichever comes first)
    • Students who don't return to exam room immediately will not be allowed to complete the exam or make it up later.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about Earth's internal heat sources and the unique aspects of plate tectonics. This quiz covers fundamental concepts related to geology and planetary sciences. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!

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