Earth Sciences Quiz: Rocks and Layers

Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.

The lithosphere consists of the crust and the solid, brittle part of the mantle.

Igneous rocks form by the solidification of magma or lava.

<p>Sedimentary rocks are composed of both primary minerals and remnants of biotic materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks that undergo change due to heat and pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crust varies from about 5 km in the oceanic areas to significantly more in continental regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Igneous rocks can overlap in formation processes and characteristics with sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotic components contribute organic materials which can consolidate to form sedimentary rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four interconnected parts are the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disaster management refers to the conservation of lives and property during natural or human-made disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disaster management plans address issues such as floods and hurricanes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lithosphere is the outer layer of the Earth that includes the crust and solid part of the mantle, containing minerals, rocks, and soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lithosphere primarily consists of elements like oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of a community or population to the impacts of hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early warning systems help in predicting disasters, allowing for timely evacuation and preparedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greenhouse effect is the warming of the Earth's surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thermosphere can reach temperatures up to about 2000°C, which is significantly higher than the temperatures found in other atmospheric layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching Earth's surface and thus protecting living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum concentration of ozone occurs at approximately 25-30 km, which is significant because it is where ozone effectively absorbs harmful UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ozone depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer caused primarily by human activities, particularly the release of CFCs and other stable compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ozone-oxygen cycle involves UV radiation splitting oxygen molecules into individual atoms, which then react to form ozone, maintaining its concentration in the stratosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorine and bromine radicals initiate the breakdown of ozone molecules, acting as catalysts in the depletion process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CFCs are stable compounds that can persist in the atmosphere long enough to reach the stratosphere, where they release chlorine radicals that degrade ozone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ozone layer depletion can lead to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth, resulting in higher rates of skin cancer, cataracts, and detrimental effects on ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N2O5 (Dinitrogen pentoxide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The burning of fossil fuels has significantly increased the pace of global warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act like a blanket, preventing drastic cooling and maintaining an ideal climate for life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weather refers to short-duration atmospheric conditions that can change frequently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through conduction and convection processes after insolation heats the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of air relates to weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce nitrogen emissions, as aircrafts emit oxides of nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The biosphere comprises the lower part of the atmosphere, the seas, and the upper layers of the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The health of the biosphere is determined by the availability of oxygen, moisture, temperature, air pressure, and soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A terrestrial ecosystem is characterized by its plants, animals, microorganisms, and their dependencies on the land's non-living items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems (seas and oceans) and freshwater ecosystems (rivers, ponds, lakes, and wetlands).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure refers to people, property, systems, or other elements present in hazard zones that may experience potential losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vulnerability refers to the characteristics and circumstances that make a community or system susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor design and construction of buildings is an example of a factor contributing to vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquatic ecosystems provide services such as water availability, food resources like fish, and recreation opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers