Earth Sciences

Sciences

Geology

• Study of the Earth's physical structure, composition, and processes
• Subfields:
  • Petrology: study of rocks and minerals
  • Structural geology: study of Earth's internal and surface structures
  • Paleontology: study of fossils and ancient life forms
• Key concepts:
  • Plate tectonics: movement of the Earth's lithosphere
  • Rock cycle: transformation of rocks between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types

Biology

• Study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment
• Subfields:
  • Botany: study of plants
  • Zoology: study of animals
  • Microbiology: study of microorganisms
• Key concepts:
  • Cell theory: cells are the basic units of life
  • Evolution: change in species over time through natural selection
  • Ecosystems: interactions between living and non-living components of an environment

Chemistry

• Study of the properties, composition, and reactions of matter
• Subfields:
  • Organic chemistry: study of carbon-containing compounds
  • Inorganic chemistry: study of non-carbon-containing compounds
  • Physical chemistry: study of chemical reactions and processes
• Key concepts:
  • Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • Periodic table: organization of elements by properties
  • Chemical reactions: interactions between molecules

Astronomy

• Study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere
• Subfields:
  • Planetary science: study of planets and their moons
  • Stellar astronomy: study of stars and their properties
  • Cosmology: study of the origin and evolution of the universe
• Key concepts:
  • Solar system: planets and other objects orbiting the Sun
  • Galaxy: large system of stars, gas, and dust
  • Big Bang theory: origin of the universe from a single point

Physics

• Study of the natural world around us, focusing on energy, matter, and the fundamental laws that govern them
• Subfields:
  • Mechanics: study of motion, forces, and energy
  • Thermodynamics: study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer
  • Electromagnetism: study of electricity, magnetism, and light
• Key concepts:
  • Laws of motion: Newton's laws governing object motion
  • Energy types: kinetic, potential, thermal, and electromagnetic
  • Relativity: Einstein's theories of special and general relativity

Sciences

Geology

• Geology is the study of the Earth's physical structure, composition, and processes
• It has three subfields:
  • Petrology, which studies rocks and minerals
  • Structural geology, which examines the Earth's internal and surface structures
  • Paleontology, which focuses on fossils and ancient life forms
• Key concepts in geology include:
  • Plate tectonics, which is the movement of the Earth's lithosphere
  • The rock cycle, which involves the transformation of rocks between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types

Biology

• Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment
• It has three subfields:
  • Botany, which studies plants
  • Zoology, which focuses on animals
  • Microbiology, which examines microorganisms
• Key concepts in biology include:
  • The cell theory, which states that cells are the basic units of life
  • Evolution, which is the change in species over time through natural selection
  • Ecosystems, which involve the interactions between living and non-living components of an environment

Chemistry

• Chemistry is the study of the properties, composition, and reactions of matter
• It has three subfields:
  • Organic chemistry, which studies carbon-containing compounds
  • Inorganic chemistry, which focuses on non-carbon-containing compounds
  • Physical chemistry, which examines chemical reactions and processes
• Key concepts in chemistry include:
  • Atomic structure, which comprises protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • The periodic table, which organizes elements by their properties
  • Chemical reactions, which involve the interactions between molecules

Astronomy

• Astronomy is the study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere
• It has three subfields:
  • Planetary science, which focuses on planets and their moons
  • Stellar astronomy, which examines stars and their properties
  • Cosmology, which studies the origin and evolution of the universe
• Key concepts in astronomy include:
  • The solar system, which consists of planets and other objects orbiting the Sun
  • Galaxies, which are large systems of stars, gas, and dust
  • The Big Bang theory, which explains the origin of the universe from a single point

Physics

• Physics is the study of the natural world around us, focusing on energy, matter, and the fundamental laws that govern them
• It has three subfields:
  • Mechanics, which examines motion, forces, and energy
  • Thermodynamics, which studies heat, temperature, and energy transfer
  • Electromagnetism, which focuses on electricity, magnetism, and light
• Key concepts in physics include:
  • The laws of motion, which are Newton's laws governing object motion
  • Energy types, including kinetic, potential, thermal, and electromagnetic energy
  • Relativity, which includes Einstein's theories of special and general relativity

Test your knowledge of geology and biology concepts, including plate tectonics, rock cycle, and more. Explore the study of the Earth's physical structure, composition, and processes, as well as living organisms and their interactions.