Earth Science Quiz on Rocks and Minerals
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Granite is an intrusive igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly.

False (B)

Which of these is NOT a mineral found in granite?

  • Feldspar
  • Mica
  • Quartz
  • Limestone (correct)

    • Describe the texture of basalt.

    Basalt has a smooth texture.

    The Giant's Causeway, a famous geological formation, is made up of the igneous rock ______.

    <p>basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following rock types with their formation processes:

    <p>Granite = Slow cooling of magma Basalt = Rapid cooling of lava Sandstone = Compression and cementation of sand grains Sedimentary rocks = Made up of sediments from other rocks and organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why sedimentary rocks are often found in layers called strata.

    <p>Sedimentary rocks form from layers of sediments that accumulate over time. These layers are compressed and cemented, resulting in the formation of strata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a common use for crushed basalt?

    <p>Road building (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sedimentary rocks make up the majority of rocks at the Earth's surface.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals can be accessed through shaft mining?

    <p>Coal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shaft mining is a process that only involves drilling horizontally into the earth.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes minerals?

    <p>Inorganic materials that do not come from plants or animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two potential environmental impacts of shaft mining?

    <p>Dust pollution and sinkholes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tara Lead and Zinc Mines in Co. Meath employs ______ people directly.

    <p>580</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocks are divided into two groups based on their origin: igneous and sedimentary.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where rocks are constantly changing?

    <p>The rock cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mining types with their descriptions:

    <p>Quarrying = Extraction of rocks and minerals from the Earth's surface Drilling = Extraction of oil and gas from beneath the Earth's surface Shaft mining = Extraction of minerals from underground through vertical shafts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of the land surrounding the Galmoy mines?

    <p>Agricultural (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magma that cools slowly below the Earth's surface is known as ______ rock.

    <p>intrusive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Galmoy mines were permanently closed in 2014.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Mineral = Inorganic material Permeable = Allows liquids to pass through Strata = Layers of rocks Crystals = Solid material with orderly arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of rocks?

    <p>Taste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What positive environmental impact was observed after the closure of the Galmoy mines?

    <p>The creation of an artificial wetland led to the migration of certain bird species and the growth of new animal and plant life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All rocks are made from a single mineral.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides being part of the landscape, what do rocks provide us with?

    <p>essential resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an intrusive igneous rock?

    <p>Granite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extrusive igneous rocks are formed from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process forms sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Sedimentary rocks are formed when broken pieces of rocks are pressed and cemented together, often including dead sea creatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metamorphic rocks are formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are put under great ______ or pressure.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when magma reaches the surface and cools?

    <p>Extrusive igneous rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the rock type with its formation process:

    <p>Igneous = Formed from cooled magma or lava Sedimentary = Formed from pressed and cemented rock fragments and organic matter Metamorphic = Formed under great heat or pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give two examples of metamorphic rock.

    <p>Marble is a metamorphic rock. Slate is another example of a metamorphic rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granite is an example of an extrusive igneous rock.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of drilling?

    <p>To extract oil or gas from the earth's crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quarrying is a process that takes place deep underground.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two potential environmental impacts of oil spills?

    <p>Damage to wildlife and destruction of plant life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quarrying is also known as ______ mining.

    <p>open-cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Ireland's gas needs can the Corrib project potentially supply?

    <p>60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quarrying only generates economic benefits and has no negative impacts.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many people are employed in quarrying in Ireland?

    <p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is formed when sandstone comes under great heat and pressure?

    <p>Quartzite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quartzite is typically used in the production of jewellery.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way in which natural gas is used.

    <p>Heating homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gold is commonly used in __________.

    <p>jewellery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a process involved in the formation of metamorphic rock?

    <p>Sedimentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one economic consequence of human interaction with rocks?

    <p>Mining for natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the materials to their uses:

    <p>Coal = Generate heat Copper = Plumbing industry Zinc = Rust-proofing cars Diamonds = Jewellery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gravel, stone and sands are used as __________ materials.

    <p>building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Quartzite Formation

    Formed from sandstone under heat and pressure, often during folding.

    Uses of Quartzite

    Used for road surfacing, in watches, and in glass production.

    Metamorphic Rock

    Rock transformed by heat, pressure, or chemically; example: quartzite.

    Natural Resources

    Materials from nature utilized by humans, like minerals and energy sources.

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    Coal

    A fossil fuel burned for heat and energy generation; essential in homes and industries.

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    Gold Uses

    Valuable in jewelry and crucial for medical, electronics, and automotive industries.

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    Diamond

    Used in jewelry; rare, precious stones that symbolize luxury and durability.

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    Extraction Methods

    Mined or extracted in three ways: surface, underground, or in-situ.

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    Rock Cycle

    The process by which rocks transform from one type to another.

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    Igneous Rocks

    Rocks formed from cooled magma or lava.

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    Sedimentary Rocks

    Rocks formed from sediment layers compacted over time.

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    Magma

    Molten rock beneath the earth's surface.

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    Minerals

    Inorganic substances that make up rocks.

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    Quarrying

    The process of extracting rocks from the ground.

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    Environmental Consequences of Mining

    Effects of mining activities on the environment.

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    Granite

    An intrusive igneous rock formed from slowly cooled magma with large crystals.

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    Basalt

    An extrusive igneous rock formed from quickly cooled lava with small crystals.

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    Intrusive Igneous Rock

    Rocks formed from magma that cools slowly underground.

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    Extrusive Igneous Rock

    Rocks formed from lava that cools quickly on the surface.

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    Sandstone

    A sedimentary rock formed from compressed and cemented grains of sand.

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    Crystals

    Solid materials whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered structure.

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    Strata

    Layers of sedimentary rock formed from the compaction of sediments over time.

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    Drilling

    The process of boring into the earth's crust to extract oil or gas.

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    Oil spills

    Accidental releases of oil into the environment, affecting wildlife and ecosystems.

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    Impact on wildlife

    Oil spills can harm animals by ingestion or coating their bodies.

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    Construction materials

    Materials extracted through quarrying used for building infrastructure.

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    Noise pollution

    Loud sounds from quarrying operations impacting nearby communities.

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    Economic impact of quarrying

    Quarrying contributes significantly to the economy and provides employment.

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    Air pollution from quarrying

    Dust generated during quarrying, leading to reduced air quality.

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    Sedimentary Rock Formation

    Formed from layers of sediment pressed and cemented together over time.

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    Common Rock Types in Ireland

    Rocks that are most widely distributed across Ireland's geography.

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    Magma vs. Lava

    Magma is molten rock inside the earth; lava is magma that reaches the surface.

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    Pressure in Rock Formation

    Great heat and pressure can transform rocks into harder metamorphic types.

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    Shaft Mining

    A drilling process accessing minerals vertically from the earth.

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    Environmental Impacts

    Effects of mining on nature, including air and land quality.

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    Health Problems from Dust

    Breathing dust from mining can cause respiratory issues.

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    Sinkholes

    Holes formed in the ground due to unstable underground mining.

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    Galmoy Mines

    Zinc, lead, and silver mine located in Co. Kilkenny, Ireland.

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    Economic Impacts of Mining

    Effects of mining on local economy, jobs, and taxes.

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    Artificial Wetland

    A manmade water area created after mining closure for wildlife.

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    Mineral Transport

    Movement of mined minerals to ports for shipping.

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    Study Notes

    Learning Intentions

    • Students will be able to describe how each type of rock changes into another type as it moves through the rock cycle.
    • Students will be able to name the three rock groups and provide examples of each.
    • Students will be able to explain the formation of each rock group.
    • Students will be able to describe how rocks are extracted and used, and evaluate the environmental, economic, and social consequences of rock exploitation.
    • Students will be able to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social consequences of mining in the Galmoy Mine.

    Key Words

    • Mineral
    • Rock cycle
    • Permeable
    • Compressed
    • Intrusive
    • Extrusive
    • Crystals
    • Strata
    • Deposits
    • Soluble
    • Natural resources
    • Drilling
    • Quarrying
    • Shaft mining

    Uses of Rock

    • Rocks are diverse in color, texture, hardness, and mineral content.
    • Rocks can be made of a single mineral or multiple compressed minerals.
    • Minerals are inorganic materials, not derived from animals or plants.
    • Rocks form landscapes and provide essential resources.

    Where Rocks Come From

    • Examples of materials that come from rocks are: glass, slate, oil, bricks, copper, coal, iron ore, aggregate, marble, and silica.

    The Rock Cycle

    • Rocks are categorized into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic groups based on their formation.
    • Rocks undergo constant change in a process known as the rock cycle.

    Igneous Rocks

    • Igneous rocks form from magma rising from the mantle.
    • Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly beneath the surface, creating large crystals (e.g., granite).
    • Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools quickly at the surface, creating small crystals (e.g., basalt).

    Sedimentary Rocks

    • Sedimentary rocks are formed from fragments of other rocks, remains of plants and animals, or minerals precipitated from water.
    • Layers of sediments are compressed and cemented together to form sedimentary rock (e.g., sandstone, limestone).

    Metamorphic Rocks

    • Metamorphic rocks form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure.
    • This process transforms the original rock into a new, harder rock (e.g., marble, quartzite).

    Human Interaction with Rocks

    • Rocks provide crucial natural resources like oil, gas, coal.
    • Rocks are mined by drilling, quarrying, and shaft mining.

    Environmental Impact of Rock Exploitation

    • Mining activities can cause pollution, soil erosion, and habitat destruction.
    • Industrial discharge can harm aquatic ecosystems such as rivers and lakes.
    • Air pollution from drilling and processing can lead to respiratory issues.

    Social Impact of Rock Exploitation

    • Mining jobs contribute to local economies but may cause displacement.
    • Communities near mines might face noise pollution and traffic increase.
    • The extraction of resources can threaten local natural landscapes and impact the local ecosystem.

    Economic Impact of Rock Exploitation

    • Mining generates income and revenue for both companies and the government.
    • Many employment opportunities are created in various industries that depend on rocks for their raw materials.
    • Mining projects can have significant financial consequences for companies and governments, if things go wrong, or the mine closes.

    Case Study: Galmoy Mines

    • Zinc, lead, and silver ore deposits exist in the Galmoy mines area.
    • The mine operated from 1997 to 2014.
    • The closing of the mine had negative consequences for local jobs and infrastructure.
    • Positive consequences included the construction of a wetland area which encouraged wildlife growth.
    • The area surrounding the mine is largely used for livestock grazing.

    Sample Questions

    • Students are asked to explain the formation of rocks.
    • Students will be asked to explain the three different types of mining (drilling, quarrying, and shaft mining).
    • Students will be asked to define different rock types, their formation, usage, or geographical location.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on rocks and minerals with this quiz. Explore questions about igneous and sedimentary rocks, their formation processes, and various mining methods. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of Earth science!

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