Earth Science Quiz

False (B)

Differentiation

<p>outer core</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First atmosphere = Hydrogen and Helium Second atmosphere = Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, Nitrogen, Sulfur Gases Third atmosphere = Nitrogen, Oxygen, Other gases (CO2, Ar, etc)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of crust are continental crust and oceanic crust. Continental crust is thicker, less dense, and primarily composed of granite, while oceanic crust is thinner, denser, and primarily composed of basalt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nebular Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terrestrial = Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Gas Giants = Jupiter, Saturn Ice Giants = Uranus, Neptune</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon Dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20.95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Earth's three main chemical layers are the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost layer, composed primarily of silicates. The mantle is the thickest layer, composed of peridotite (rich in magnesium and iron silicates). The core is made primarily of iron and nickel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen = Most abundant gas in the atmosphere Oxygen = Essential for respiration and combustion Carbon Dioxide = Greenhouse gas, used in photosynthesis Methane = Potent greenhouse gas Argon = Inert noble gas, result of radioactive decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Argon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.7 kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It places Earth at the center of the solar system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epicycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Big Bang Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moon = 384,400 km Sun = 150 million km Nearest star = 4.24 light-years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation of supernovae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13.2 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doppler Shift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep-sea trench (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mid-ocean ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>seafloor spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mid-ocean ridge = Underwater mountain chain where new ocean crust forms. Deep-sea trench = Deep valleys where one plate subducts beneath another. Abyssal plain = Flat, deep-sea floor covered in sediment. Seamounts &amp; Guyots = Underwater volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicates (Si, O, Al, Fe, Mg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pangaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jurassic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late Carboniferous = Formation of Pangaea Begins Early Permian = Pangaea Fully Assembled Jurassic = Breakup of Pangaea Begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

The innermost layer composed mainly of iron and nickel.

Solid part of the Earth's core, due to extreme pressure.

Liquid layer surrounding the inner core, generates magnetic field.

Process where heavy elements sank to form the core while lighter materials rose.

Series of changes in Earth's atmosphere from hydrogen/helium to current composition.

The outermost layer of the Earth, composed primarily of silicates.

A supercontinent that existed around 335 million years ago and split apart about 175 million years ago.

The scientist who proposed the continental drift hypothesis in 1912.

The theory that continents were once joined and have drifted apart over time.

The geological theory explaining the movement of the Earth's lithosphere which causes continental drift.

Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium formed within minutes after the Big Bang.

Heavier elements like Carbon, Oxygen, and Iron formed in stars through nuclear fusion.

Explosions that create and distribute heavier elements like gold and Uranium into space.

Theory that the Solar System formed ~4.6 billion years ago from a rotating cloud of gas and dust.

Rocky planets, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Planets like Jupiter and Saturn, primarily composed of gases.

Earth's age is approximately 4.54 billion years, determined by radiometric dating.

Earth has three main layers: Crust, Mantle, and Core, classified by composition.

Hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

Earth-centered model proposed by ancient Greeks where everything orbits Earth.

Sun-centered model proposed by Copernicus where planets orbit the Sun.

Change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.

Light from a star moving away stretches, causing a shift toward the red part of the spectrum.

Theory proposing that the universe is continuously growing, with galaxies moving away from us.

The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it moves away, showing a relationship between distance and speed.

Leftover radiation from the Big Bang that provides insight into the early universe's conditions.

Mysterious force making up about 70% of the universe, causing accelerated expansion.

Method using angles of sunlight in different locations to estimate Earth's circumference.

The key gases that make up Earth's atmosphere, primarily nitrogen and oxygen.

A vital component of the atmosphere, essential for respiration and combustion, making up ~20.95% of air.

A variable component of the atmosphere (0-4%), essential for weather and precipitation.

Gases like CO2 and methane that trap heat in the atmosphere, crucial for climate regulation.

A significant increase in atmospheric oxygen around 2.5 billion years ago due to cyanobacteria's photosynthesis.

A period when oxygen first accumulated in the atmosphere, enabling complex life.

A graph that depicts the distribution of land elevation and ocean depth across Earth's surface.

A protective layer in the atmosphere that absorbs harmful UV radiation, essential for life.

Underwater mountain chains where new ocean crust forms.

New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and moves outward.

Deep valleys where one plate subducts beneath another.

Earth's magnetic field reverses, recorded in ocean crust.

Plates slide past each other, causing strong earthquakes.

Volcanic islands formed by mantle plumes, away from plate boundaries.

Youngest crust at mid-ocean ridges, oldest near trenches.

Locations of shallow earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges.

Stripes on the ocean floor indicating magnetic reversals.

Underwater landscape of the ocean floor shaped by tectonics.