Earth Science MELC Overview
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Questions and Answers

What primarily composes the Earth's crust?

  • Granite and basalt
  • Silicon, oxygen, and aluminum (correct)
  • Iron and nickel
  • Heavy metals
  • Which layer of the Earth is liquid?

  • Outer core (correct)
  • Asthenosphere
  • Inner core
  • Lithosphere
  • What is the characteristic of the lithosphere?

  • Soft and molten
  • Found only in continental areas
  • Fluid and dynamic
  • Rigid and solid (correct)
  • Which element constitutes the majority of Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows the asthenosphere to exhibit 'plasticity'?

    <p>Softness and convection currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crust is generally more dense?

    <p>Oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is responsible for generating its magnetic field?

    <p>Outer core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct order of the Earth's layers from outermost to innermost?

    <p>Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Moho boundary?

    <p>The boundary separating the crust from the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the outer core?

    <p>Liquid and generates Earth's magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Earth and Its Unique Properties

    • Earth is the only planet in the solar system that supports life due to its unique properties.
    • The planet consists of four subsystems: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, facilitating the flow of matter and energy.

    Creation of Earth

    • Earth's formation resulted from processes that shaped the Solar System, allowing life to emerge over geological time.
    • Various creation theories, including cultural myths, explain the origins of Earth.

    Korean Creation Myth

    • Korean mythology contains a significant creation story: initially, there were no humans, and deities Yul-Ryeo and Mago emerged.
    • Yul-Ryeo's resurrection led to the formation of Earth, its components (water, fire, soul), and subsequent creation of flora and fauna.
    • Celestial beings, born from Mago, governed life from a celestial castle called 'Magoseong'.

    Creation Narratives

    • Creation myths are symbolic narratives handed down through generations via oral traditions like stories and poems.

    Theories of Universe Formation

    • Big Bang Theory: Outlines the universe's formation and subsequent processes leading to stars and galaxies.
    • Descartes' Vortex Theory: Proposed by René Descartes; suggests the Solar System formed from whirlpool-like motions of pre-solar materials.
    • Buffon’s Collision Theory: George Louis, Comte de Buffon theorized planets formed from debris after the sun collided with a giant comet.

    Kant-Laplace Nebular Theory

    • Proposed by Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace; suggests planets formed from a collapsing nebula, spinning and flattening due to gravity.

    Jeans-Jeffrey’s Tidal Theory

    • Sir James Hopwood Jeans and Harold Jeffreys posited that planets were formed from material torn off the sun by a passing massive star’s gravitational pull.

    Solar Nebular Theory

    • Introduced by Emanuel Swedenborg; describes planets forming from a nebular crust surrounding the Sun that eventually broke apart.

    Earth’s Formation and Layers

    • Through accretion, different types of planets emerged, from terrestrial to Jovian, leading to the composition of Earth's layers:
      • Crust: Composed mainly of light elements (silicon, oxygen, aluminum).
      • Mantle: Consists of rocks; divided into asthenosphere (soft) and lithosphere (rigid).
      • Core: Dense metals (nickel and iron); divided into outer (liquid, magnetic) and inner core (solid, magnetic).

    Composition of Earth's Atmosphere

    • Composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).
    • Trace gases include argon, carbon dioxide, and others, making up the remaining 1%.

    Layers of Earth's Crust

    • Oceanic Crust: Dark, more dense, composed of basalt, average thickness of 5-10 km.
    • Continental Crust: Light, less dense, made of granite, averaging 40-70 km in thickness.

    Biosphere Hierarchy

    • The organization of life forms represents the hierarchy of life, sometimes visualized as a pyramid of life, indicating the complexity and interdependence of living organisms.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on essential learning competencies related to Earth Science. It covers the uniqueness of Earth, its four subsystems, and the identification of rock-forming minerals. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts that are crucial for appreciating our planet's structure and processes.

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