Earth Science Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following processes is a primary driver of mountain formation?

  • Deposition of sediments by rivers over extended periods.
  • Chemical weathering of rocks leading to gradual elevation changes.
  • Tectonic activity involving the collision of lithospheric plates. (correct)
  • Erosion caused by consistent wind patterns across a flat landscape.

What is the primary distinction between physical and chemical weathering?

  • Physical weathering occurs only in cold climates, whereas chemical weathering is exclusive to warm, humid environments.
  • Physical weathering involves the transport of weathered materials by wind, while chemical weathering involves their transport by water.
  • Physical weathering changes the chemical composition of rocks, while chemical weathering only changes their size.
  • Physical weathering breaks down rocks through mechanical processes, while chemical weathering alters their composition through chemical reactions. (correct)

How does the concept of 'sustainable development' relate to the management of natural resources?

  • Sustainable development prioritizes the use of non-renewable resources to ensure rapid economic growth.
  • Sustainable development focuses solely on preserving natural habitats without considering human needs.
  • Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (correct)
  • Sustainable development advocates for the complete abandonment of industrial activities to prevent environmental degradation.

What is a major consequence of deforestation on the Earth's environment?

<p>Increased soil erosion and loss of habitat, contributing to climate change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plate tectonics, what geological feature is commonly associated with divergent plate boundaries?

<p>Mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is best described as a mostly-solid rocky layer?

<p>Mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines the type of biome that will develop in a particular region?

<p>The average long-term climate conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the atmosphere's ozone layer?

<p>To act as a barrier, filtering out harmful doses of ultraviolet radiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do glaciers influence the landscape?

<p>By carving out valleys and transporting sediments, leading to unique depositional features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological process is most directly responsible for the occurrence of earthquakes?

<p>The sudden release of energy along fault lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Geography

The branch of geography that studies the Earth's natural features and processes.

Earth's Crust

The outermost solid layer of the Earth, divided into continental and oceanic types.

Plate Boundaries

Places where Earth's lithospheric plates meet and interact.

Divergent Boundaries

Boundaries where plates move apart, creating new crust.

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Mountains

Elevated landforms, products of tectonic activity, volcanism, or erosion.

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Weathering

The breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth's surface.

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Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

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Climate

The long-term average of weather conditions in a specific region.

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Biome

A large area characterized by specific climate conditions, animal populations, and plant species.

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Natural Hazards

Events caused by natural processes that pose a threat to human life and property.

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Study Notes

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