Earth Science Chapter Test Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is precipitation?

  • Air pressure changes
  • Ocean currents
  • Water vapor in the atmosphere
  • Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds (correct)

    • What does the term 'world ocean' refer to?

  • The Atlantic and Indian Oceans combined
  • The Pacific Ocean only
  • A single, large interconnected body of water that covers 70% of Earth's surface (correct)
  • An ocean with distinct boundaries

    • What are aerosols?

    Tiny liquid droplets found in the atmosphere

    What is conduction?

    <p>The flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when in direct physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an earthquake?

    <p>Vibration caused by slippage along a fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionosphere?

    <p>The lower thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evaporation?

    <p>The process where liquid water is heated by the sun and rises into the atmosphere as water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deep zone in the ocean?

    <p>The bottom layer of the ocean from the base of the thermocline to the ocean floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Earth's innermost compositional layer called?

    <p>Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tributaries?

    <p>Smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What includes all the water on or near Earth's surface?

    <p>Hydrosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deepest point on the ocean floor?

    <p>Pacific Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the physical layers of Earth?

    <p>Asthenosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the energy released by an earthquake occur in the form of?

    <p>Seismic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the melted rock that forms a volcano called?

    <p>Magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are wind and water erosion NOT likely to affect?

    <p>Tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the fresh water on Earth located?

    <p>Icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is Earth's densest atmosphere layer?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In equal volumes of ocean water and fresh water, ocean water may be expected to contain more of what?

    <p>Salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of energy transfer through or within Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thermocline?

    <p>The boundary between warm and cold water in an ocean or a lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tectonic plates?

    <p>The pieces that compose the lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a volcano?

    <p>A mountain built from magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is radiation?

    <p>Transfer of energy through space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are surface currents?

    <p>Water movements in the ocean that are driven by the wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mantle?

    <p>Layer of the Earth between the crust and the core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ozone?

    <p>A molecule made up of three oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tributaries?

    <p>Smaller streams of rivers that flow into larger ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is salinity?

    <p>The total quantity of dissolved salts in the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fault?

    <p>Break in the Earth crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of Earth that contains the air we breathe called?

    <p>Atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the solid Earth called?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much more energy does an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 release than one of magnitude 4.0?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do volcanoes occur at tectonic plate boundaries?

    <p>Colliding and separating from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is erosion?

    <p>The removal and transport of surface material by wind and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stratosphere?

    <p>The atmospheric layer above the troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is an important greenhouse gas?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is convection?

    <p>The transfer of heat by air currents (or currents in liquid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the warmest temperature zone of the ocean?

    <p>Surface zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are deep currents?

    <p>Stream-like movements of cold, dense water near the ocean floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most important roles of the ocean?

    <p>Regulate temperatures in Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biosphere?

    <p>The narrow layer of Earth where life-supporting conditions exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With respect to matter, Earth is mostly what?

    <p>A closed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most important dissolved elements in ocean water?

    <p>Sodium and chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms and Concepts

    • Precipitation: Includes rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds; crucial for Earth's water cycle.
    • World Ocean: A vast, interconnected body of water covering 70% of Earth's surface; plays a vital role in climate regulation.
    • Aerosols: Tiny liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere; can affect weather and climate.
    • Conduction: The transfer of heat between objects in direct contact; fundamental in heat exchange processes.
    • Earthquake: Vibrations caused by the sudden movement along a fault line; significant natural occurrence with potential for destruction.

    Atmospheric and Oceanic Layers

    • Ionosphere: A layer in the lower thermosphere; important for radio communication.
    • Deep Zone: The bottom layer of the ocean extending from the thermocline to the ocean floor; characterized by cold and dark conditions.
    • Troposphere: Densest atmospheric layer; where weather occurs and most of Earth's air mass is found.
    • Stratosphere: Above the troposphere; contains the ozone layer that protects life from harmful UV radiation.
    • Mantle: The layer of Earth located between the crust and core; involved in tectonic activity.

    Water Cycle and Features

    • Evaporation: The process in which the sun heats liquid water, causing it to rise as water vapor; critical for the water cycle.
    • Salinity: Refers to the total dissolved salts in ocean water; higher in seawater than in freshwater.
    • Fresh Water Sources: Primarily found in ice caps and glaciers; essential for drinking and agriculture.
    • Thermocline: The boundary layer between warm and cold water in oceans or lakes; influences marine life distribution.
    • Surface Currents: Movement of ocean water driven by wind; affects climate and marine ecosystems.

    Geology and Earth Processes

    • Tectonic Plates: Large pieces of the lithosphere; their movements cause earthquakes and volcanic activity.
    • Volcano: A mountain formed by magma; associated with tectonic movement.
    • Fault: A break in the Earth's crust; can lead to seismic activity when stress is released.
    • Erosion: Removal and transport of surface material by wind and water; shapes landscapes over time.

    Environmental Dynamics

    • Greenhouse Gases: Carbon dioxide is a significant greenhouse gas; contributes to global warming.
    • Biosphere: The narrow layer of Earth that supports life; includes land, water, and the atmosphere.
    • Energy Transfer Mechanisms:
      • Radiation: Energy transfer through space without a medium.
      • Convection: Heat transfer through air or liquid currents.

    Miscellaneous Facts

    • Seismic Waves: Energy released during an earthquake travels as these waves; critical for detecting and analyzing seismic activity.
    • Salts in Ocean Water: Ocean water contains higher quantities of salts compared to freshwater; primarily sodium and chlorine.
    • Closed System: Earth is mostly a closed system regarding matter; exchanges energy but not matter with outer space.

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    Test your knowledge on key terms from Earth Science with these flashcards. Each card features a word along with its definition, helping you to reinforce your understanding of essential concepts. Perfect for students preparing for their exams!

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