Earth and Space Science
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Questions and Answers

What is the oldest rock in Earth's crust called?

Acasta Gneiss

How many main layers did molten rock on Earth separate into when Earth formed?

  • Four
  • Two
  • One
  • Three (correct)

    • What is Earth's core made up of?

  • Solid gold
  • Solid rock
  • Liquid outer core and solid inner core (correct)
  • Liquid iron

    • Most rocks in the mantle are liquid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Earth's thickest layer is the ________.

    <p>mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of Earth's crust?

    <p>continental crust and oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Earth's lithosphere?

    <p>The rocky outer zone of Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oldest rock in Earth's crust and how old is it?

    <p>Acasta Gneiss; 3.96 billion years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main layers that Earth's molten rock separated into as it cooled?

    <p>The core, the mantle, the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main layers of Earth?

    <p>crust, mantle, core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lithosphere is Earth's solid outer layer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you started digging directly through Earth in Sydney, you would emerge in the ________ Ocean near the Azores Islands.

    <p>Atlantic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Earth's core made up of?

    <p>nickel and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Earth's Structure

    • Earth has three main layers: the core, mantle, and crust
    • The core is divided into a solid inner core and a liquid outer core
    • The inner core is solid due to immense pressure, while the outer core is liquid due to high temperatures

    Earth's Core

    • The core is made up of a mixture of metals, mostly nickel and iron
    • Scientists used seismic waves generated by earthquakes to determine the core's composition
    • The inner core is solid, while the outer core is liquid due to high temperatures

    Earth's Mantle

    • The mantle is Earth's thickest layer, lying between the core and crust
    • The mantle is made of solid rock that can flow very slowly over time due to high temperatures and pressure
    • The mantle can be divided into two parts: the upper mantle and the lower mantle

    Earth's Crust

    • The crust is Earth's thin outer layer, ranging from 0-100 km thick
    • The crust is made of a variety of rocks and has two types: continental crust and oceanic crust
    • Continental crust forms the continents and shallow seas, covering about 40% of Earth's surface
    • Oceanic crust is formed in Earth's ocean basins, covering about 60% of Earth's surface

    Lithosphere

    • The lithosphere is Earth's rigid, rocky outer zone, including the crust and upper mantle
    • The lithosphere is made up of tectonic plates that 'float' and move around on a viscous zone called the asthenosphere
    • Rocks in the asthenosphere are almost at their melting point, allowing tectonic plates to move and cause earthquakes and volcanoes at Earth's surface

    Additional Facts

    • The oldest rock in Earth's crust is the Acasta Gneiss, approximately 3.96 billion years old
    • Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, formed from a ball of molten rock that cooled and separated into three main layers
    • The Acasta Gneiss was originally granite, formed when molten rock solidified about 4.2 billion years ago

    Earth's Structure

    • Earth has three main layers: the core, mantle, and crust
    • The core is divided into a solid inner core and a liquid outer core
    • The inner core is solid due to immense pressure, while the outer core is liquid due to high temperatures

    Earth's Core

    • The core is made up of a mixture of metals, mostly nickel and iron
    • Scientists used seismic waves generated by earthquakes to determine the core's composition
    • The inner core is solid, while the outer core is liquid due to high temperatures

    Earth's Mantle

    • The mantle is Earth's thickest layer, lying between the core and crust
    • The mantle is made of solid rock that can flow very slowly over time due to high temperatures and pressure
    • The mantle can be divided into two parts: the upper mantle and the lower mantle

    Earth's Crust

    • The crust is Earth's thin outer layer, ranging from 0-100 km thick
    • The crust is made of a variety of rocks and has two types: continental crust and oceanic crust
    • Continental crust forms the continents and shallow seas, covering about 40% of Earth's surface
    • Oceanic crust is formed in Earth's ocean basins, covering about 60% of Earth's surface

    Lithosphere

    • The lithosphere is Earth's rigid, rocky outer zone, including the crust and upper mantle
    • The lithosphere is made up of tectonic plates that 'float' and move around on a viscous zone called the asthenosphere
    • Rocks in the asthenosphere are almost at their melting point, allowing tectonic plates to move and cause earthquakes and volcanoes at Earth's surface

    Additional Facts

    • The oldest rock in Earth's crust is the Acasta Gneiss, approximately 3.96 billion years old
    • Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, formed from a ball of molten rock that cooled and separated into three main layers
    • The Acasta Gneiss was originally granite, formed when molten rock solidified about 4.2 billion years ago

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