12 Questions
What is the process that involves the reaction of water with a mineral to form a new mineral, resulting in the incorporation of water into its crystal structure?
Hydrolysis
Which anthropogenic activity has resulted in an increased rate of weathering?
Both a and b
How is magma made at a subduction zone?
Water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting point of the overlying mantle
Which of the following phenomena involves the weathering of sodium feldspar to mica?
Weathering of sodium feldspar to mica
How do plants help in weathering but inhibit erosion?
Plant roots wedged through rocks creating cracks, but they prevent erosion due to their ability to hold the soil in place.
Which of the following is a result of the weathering of calcium feldspar?
Formation of quartz
What theory suggests that life originated from non-living materials through a mysterious process?
Spontaneous generation
According to the primordial soup theory, which factor does NOT contribute to the formation of new chemical bonds from gaseous molecules?
Atmospheric pressure
Which statement correctly describes the primary atmospheric composition of a planet?
Venus is mostly carbon dioxide
How is a moon fundamentally different from a planet?
A moon orbits around a planet
On which planet would you weigh roughly two-thirds (2/3) less than your weight on Earth?
Jupiter
What is the correct sequence of processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Sedimentation > compaction > cementation
Study Notes
Theories of Life Origin
- Spontaneous generation theory describes life emerging from non-living material through a mysterious process.
- Panspermia, primordial soup theory, and exogenesis are other theories of life origin.
Primordial Soup Theory
- Lightning, ultraviolet radiation, and fluctuations in temperature can cause gaseous molecules to react and form new bonds.
- Atmospheric pressure does not cause gaseous molecules to react and form new bonds.
Planetary Atmospheres
- Venus' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide.
- Earth's atmosphere is not mostly oxygen.
- Mercury's atmosphere is not mostly nitrogen.
- Saturn's atmosphere is not mostly helium.
Moons and Planets
- A moon is in orbit around a planet, distinguishing it from a planet.
- A moon's size, mass, and ability to have an atmosphere do not differentiate it from a planet.
Planetary Weight
- Weighing roughly two-thirds (2/3) less than on Earth would occur on Mars.
Sedimentary Rock Formation
- Sedimentation, compaction, and cementation are the correct order in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
Erosion and Farming Practices
- Farming practices that increase erosion include burning crops, clearing plants, and allowing overgrazing of grass cover.
Hydrolysis and Weathering
- Hydrolysis is a process that involves water reacting with a mineral to form a new mineral, incorporating water into its crystal structure.
- Weathering of potassium feldspar to clay involves hydrolysis.
Anthropogenic Activities and Weathering
- Releasing excess carbon dioxide into the air, leading to "acid rain," and physical disintegration of rocks during construction and mining, have increased the rate of weathering.
Magma Formation at Subduction Zones
- Magma is made at subduction zones through frictional heating, increased pressure, and water release from the subducting plate, which lowers the melting point of the overlying mantle.
Prepare for the National Achievement Test with this Earth and Life Science reviewer for the school year 2023-2024. Test your knowledge with multiple-choice questions and assess your readiness for the exam.
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