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What was the outcome of the Greek civil war between the Athenian led Delian League and the Spartan led Peloponnesian League?
What was the outcome of the Greek civil war between the Athenian led Delian League and the Spartan led Peloponnesian League?
Which key figure is associated with the Golden Age of Athens?
Which key figure is associated with the Golden Age of Athens?
What aspect of culture did Alexander the Great primarily spread throughout his conquests?
What aspect of culture did Alexander the Great primarily spread throughout his conquests?
Which architectural style is NOT one of the classical Greek column styles mentioned?
Which architectural style is NOT one of the classical Greek column styles mentioned?
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What was a significant feature of the Roman Republic's political structure?
What was a significant feature of the Roman Republic's political structure?
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What was one of the significant outcomes of the Punic Wars for Rome?
What was one of the significant outcomes of the Punic Wars for Rome?
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Who became the first Roman Emperor following the civil wars?
Who became the first Roman Emperor following the civil wars?
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What does Pax Romana refer to?
What does Pax Romana refer to?
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Which factor contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire?
Which factor contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire?
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What significant action did Constantine take concerning Christianity?
What significant action did Constantine take concerning Christianity?
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Which Roman construction is an example of their architectural ingenuity?
Which Roman construction is an example of their architectural ingenuity?
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What was a legal principle established by the Roman legal system?
What was a legal principle established by the Roman legal system?
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Which notable literary work was written during the Roman period?
Which notable literary work was written during the Roman period?
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What was a significant development during the Neolithic period?
What was a significant development during the Neolithic period?
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Which of these is associated with the emergence of early river valley civilizations?
Which of these is associated with the emergence of early river valley civilizations?
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Which civilization was known for its early alphabet?
Which civilization was known for its early alphabet?
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What major advancements did the Chinese civilization contribute?
What major advancements did the Chinese civilization contribute?
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What was a defining feature of the Persian Empire?
What was a defining feature of the Persian Empire?
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Which statement accurately describes the significance of the city-states in ancient Greece?
Which statement accurately describes the significance of the city-states in ancient Greece?
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What was the contribution of the Sumer civilization?
What was the contribution of the Sumer civilization?
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What was the impact of the Aryans invading the Indus Valley?
What was the impact of the Aryans invading the Indus Valley?
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Which ancient civilization is known for its monumental architecture like the pyramids?
Which ancient civilization is known for its monumental architecture like the pyramids?
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What common feature did the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt share?
What common feature did the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt share?
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How did the geography of Greece influence its political structure?
How did the geography of Greece influence its political structure?
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What role did irrigation play in ancient Mesopotamian agriculture?
What role did irrigation play in ancient Mesopotamian agriculture?
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Who were considered the primary leaders in ancient Egypt?
Who were considered the primary leaders in ancient Egypt?
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What major trade contributions did the Phoenicians make?
What major trade contributions did the Phoenicians make?
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Study Notes
Early World Civilizations
- Old Stone Age (Paleolithic): Nomadic hunter-gatherers, developed the first crude tools and weapons, and mastered fire. Cave art also developed, potentially expressing early forms of religion.
New Stone Age (Neolithic):
- Developed Agriculture: Domesticated plants and animals for food and labor.
- Larger Settlements: Led to the formation of early civilizations like Catal Huyuk, Jericho, and Aleppo.
- Advanced Tools: Used copper and bronze for tools and weapons.
- New Technologies: Developed pottery and weaving skills, and created large megaliths like Stonehenge.
River Valley Civilizations
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Mesopotamia (3500-500 BC): Located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Fertile Crescent), it was the first known civilization.
- Sumer: Early city-states, polytheistic religion (ziggurats), and rigid class systems including slavery.
- Written Law: Developed written law codes like the Code of Hammurabi and the Ten Commandments.
- Cuneiform: Developed cuneiform writing.
- Irrigation: Used irrigation farming, canals, and plows.
- Civilizations: Included Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, Babylon, Hittites, Hebrews, and Phoenicians (who were first to use iron).
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Egypt: Developed along the Nile River.
- Pharaohs: Ruled by hereditary pharaohs.
- Polytheistic: Believed in polytheistic faith.
- Hieroglyphics: Developed hieroglyphic writing system.
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Indus River Valley: Originated along the Indus River in today's Pakistan.
- Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were dominant.
- Aryans: Invaded around 1500 BC, bringing Hinduism.
- Caste System: Developed the caste system.
- Mauryan Dynasty: Included Asoka.
- Gupta Emprie: Golden Age included advances in mathematics (like the concept of zero).
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China: Developed along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.
- Civilizations: Included the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties.
- Technology: Developed silk, porcelain, paper and the Great Wall.
- Civil Service Exam: Implemented the civil service exam.
- Trade: Traded with the west via the Silk Road.
Other Empires
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Phoenicians: Seafaring traders in the Mediterranean, known for shipbuilding and trade (glass, purple cloth, cedar wood). Developed an early alphabet.
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Hebrews: Practiced monotheism, settled in Israel, and developed Judaism (including the Ten Commandments). Led by figures like Abraham, Moses, and David.
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Persian Empire: Located east of Mesopotamia. One of the largest empires, known for tolerance and the Royal Road system. Practiced Zoroastrianism.
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Achaean/Ancient Greek Civilization:
- Minoans: Located on Crete, known as sea traders. Knossos.
- Mycenaeans: Warring city-states in Greece, fought the Trojan War (Iliad).
- Classical Greeks: Developed city-states (polis) with unique forms of government (like Athens' democracy and Sparta's military oligarchy). Colonized the Aegean and Mediterranean. Polytheistic religion with gods like Zeus, Hera, and Athena. Olympic Games.
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Roman Empire: Central Mediterranean, Italian Peninsula.
- Early Rome: Latin-speaking civilization that initially was ruled by Etruscan kings.
- Republic: Representative democracy with elected officials like consuls and tribunes, and the Twelve Tables of Rome (laws).
- Empire: Ruled by emperors, built major public works (like roads, aqueducts, and Colosseum), and spread Latin language.
- Pax Romana: Period of peace and stability in the empire.
- Late Empire: Faced economic crises, invasions, and internal conflicts that led to the division and ultimate collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
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Contributions: The Roman empire had substantial contributions in art, architecture, technology, language, law and government.
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Description
Explore the key developments of early world civilizations, including the transition from the Old Stone Age to advanced river valley societies. Understand the significance of agriculture, technology, and social structures in shaping human history. This quiz covers major civilizations like Mesopotamia and the Neolithic advancements.
