Early Roman Republic Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary function of a dictator in ancient Rome?

  • To manage the daily commerce and trade within the city.
  • To assume absolute power and make laws during crises. (correct)
  • To serve as an advisory council to the Assembly.
  • To control the legions during military campaigns.

    • How did Rome generally treat different sections of its growing empire?

  • With varying laws, rights, and obligations based on the region. (correct)
  • With indifference, allowing each section to govern itself.
  • With complete equality, granting all citizens the same rights.
  • With a uniform set of laws and rules for all.

    • What was the significance of the Punic Wars for Rome?

  • They established Roman dominance over the western Mediterranean Sea. (correct)
  • They were primarily wars over land trade routes within Italy.
  • They led to a major expansion of Carthaginian territory.
  • They resulted in a minor shift in the balance of power in the region.

    • What was a key characteristic of the Roman army that contributed to its success?

    <p>Its organization into large, heavily armored legions of soldiers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Carthaginian general who masterminded attacks on the Italian peninsula during the Second Punic War?

    <p>Hannibal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Roman legend, who raised Romulus and Remus?

    <p>A she-wolf. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the geographical location of Rome?

    <p>Central position on the Italian Peninsula, alongside the Tiber River. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these contributions are attributed to the Etruscans?

    <p>Developing an alphabet and use of the arch in architecture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pivotal change did the Romans make after being ruled by the Etruscans?

    <p>They established a republic, vowing never to be ruled by Kings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements correctly describes the role of tribunes in early Roman society?

    <p>They represented and protected the plebeians from patrician officials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman Law?

    <p>It was a list of laws protecting Roman citizens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the power and limitations of Roman consuls?

    <p>They held power jointly, commanded the army, yet could veto each other, with restricted term limits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of the Roman Senate in the early Republic?

    <p>It functioned as an aristocratic branch of government, serving as advisors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is the heart of roman pol. life

    <p>forum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    match these to the right amount in each group

    <p>= consul = 2 senators = 300 tribunes = 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Roman Legion

    A group of 5,000 heavily armored soldiers that made up the Roman army, consisting of infantry and cavalry.

    Roman Dictator

    A Roman leader appointed in times of crisis with absolute power to make laws and lead the army.

    Punic Wars

    A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage for control of the Mediterranean Sea.

    Hannibal

    A Carthaginian general who used elephants to overwhelm the Roman army in the Second Punic War, terrorizing the Italian Peninsula.

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    Scipio

    A Roman general who met Hannibal's challenge and ultimately defeated Carthage in the Second Punic War.

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    Romulus and Remus

    The legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus were abandoned as infants and raised by a she-wolf on the banks of the Tiber River.

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    Geography of Rome

    The area where Rome was founded, the Italian Peninsula, is characterized by rolling hills, fertile soil, and the Tiber River.

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    Early Roman Inhabitants

    The three groups who inhabited the region where Rome was founded, each contributing to Roman culture and civilization.

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    Latins

    The Latins were farmers and shepherds who settled in the area of Rome, laying the foundation for the Roman civilization.

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    Greeks in Early Rome

    The Greeks established colonies in the area, introducing their culture and commerce, influencing Roman civilization.

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    Etruscans

    The Etruscans were skilled metalworkers who lived in Northern Italy. Their influence included the Roman alphabet and architectural techniques such as the arch.

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    Roman Republic

    The Roman Republic arose after the Romans overthrew their Etruscan kings, establishing a system where power rested in the hands of citizens who elected representatives.

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    Patricians and Plebeians

    The patricians were the aristocratic landowners who held wealth and influence in the Roman Republic, while the plebeians were commoners who included farmers, artisans, and merchants.

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    Study Notes

    Early Roman Republic

    • The early Romans established a republic that grew powerful and influential.
    • The legend of Romulus and Remus:
      • Twins abandoned on the Tiber River.
      • Raised by a she-wolf.
    • Rome's geography:
      • Located in the center of the Italian Peninsula.
      • Developed along the Tiber River.

    Roman Society and Early Groups

    • Three main groups lived in the area:
      • Latins: Farmers and shepherds, the original Romans.
      • Greeks: Established colonies spreading Greek culture and commerce.
      • Etruscans: Skilled metalworkers in northern Italy, whose alphabet and arch design were adopted.

    Roman Religion

    • Roman religion was a blend of Greek legends, and Gods.
    • Renamed Greek gods to Jupiter (Zeus) and Juno (Hera).

    The Early Republic

    • Initially, Etruscans ruled Rome (roughly 500 square miles).
    • The Roman Forum became the center of Roman political life.
    • Romans pledged to never be ruled by kings again.
    • Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic.

    Patricians and Plebeians

    • Conflict between patricians (aristocratic landowners) and plebeians (common farmers, merchants and artisans).
    • Plebeians demanded more rights.
    • Tribunes were elected plebeian representatives to protect them from patrician officials.
    • The Twelve Tables: A written law code established to protect citizens.

    Roman Government

    • The republic was modeled on the best parts of other government systems.
    • Consuls: Two officials who commanded the army and directed the government, served one-year terms and could veto each other.
    • Senate: Aristocratic branch of government with 300 members (Plebeians were later included).
      • Senators served for life, giving the senate continuity and power.
    • Assembly: A more democratic branch with both patricians and plebeians, although patricians originally held more power.
    • Dictator: An absolute ruler appointed in times of crisis.

    Roman Army

    • Legions: Large organized groups of 5,000 heavily armored soldiers (infantry and cavalry).

    Roman Expansion

    • Roman power grew gradually.
    • Rome treated different regions of its empire differently (different laws, rights, etc...).
    • Some neighboring groups were considered allies.
    • Rome controlled the western Mediterranean.

    Punic Wars

    • Series of wars with Carthage, who competed with Rome for foreign markets.
    • Hannibal (Carthaginian general) terrorized the Italian peninsula.
    • Scipio (Roman general) forced Hannibal to return to defend Carthage, making Rome victorious.
    • Rome controlled the western Mediterranean.
    • Rome conquered eastern territories including Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Anatolia.

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    Early Romans: Republic and Expansion PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundations of the Early Roman Republic, its geographical significance, and the legends that shaped its culture. Learn about the vital roles of the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans in Roman society, as well as the transformation from monarchy to republic. This quiz delves into the intertwining of religion and mythology in early Rome.

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