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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the cave complex where the earliest form of human habitation in the Philippines was found?
What is the name of the cave complex where the earliest form of human habitation in the Philippines was found?
Which ethnic group built the Idjang, a triangular-shaped hilltop citadel in the Batanes Islands?
Which ethnic group built the Idjang, a triangular-shaped hilltop citadel in the Batanes Islands?
What is the name of the type of shelter used by the Pinatubo Aeta?
What is the name of the type of shelter used by the Pinatubo Aeta?
Which of the following ethnic groups built tree houses?
Which of the following ethnic groups built tree houses?
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What is the typical height of the tree houses built by the Gaddang and Kalinga?
What is the typical height of the tree houses built by the Gaddang and Kalinga?
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What is the name of the ethnic group that built the lean-to shelters?
What is the name of the ethnic group that built the lean-to shelters?
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What is the name of the journal that features an article about the Bagobo people?
What is the name of the journal that features an article about the Bagobo people?
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What style of architecture is characterized by the use of volutes of contrafuertes and pyramidal finials of wall facades?
What style of architecture is characterized by the use of volutes of contrafuertes and pyramidal finials of wall facades?
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What is the name of the mountain range near the territory of the Tau't Batu?
What is the name of the mountain range near the territory of the Tau't Batu?
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What type of church is the Manila Cathedral an example of?
What type of church is the Manila Cathedral an example of?
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What is unique about San Sebastian Church in Manila?
What is unique about San Sebastian Church in Manila?
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What is the name of the church in Carcar, Cebu?
What is the name of the church in Carcar, Cebu?
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What type of architecture is characterized by the use of defensive walls and towers serving as lookouts?
What type of architecture is characterized by the use of defensive walls and towers serving as lookouts?
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What is significant about the location of Miag-ao Church?
What is significant about the location of Miag-ao Church?
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What is unique about Santa Maria Church?
What is unique about Santa Maria Church?
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What is the purpose of the legislations mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of the legislations mentioned in the text?
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What is the name of the law that established the National Historical Commission of the Philippines?
What is the name of the law that established the National Historical Commission of the Philippines?
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What is the purpose of bastions in a fortress?
What is the purpose of bastions in a fortress?
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What is the name of the citadel in Intramuros, Manila?
What is the name of the citadel in Intramuros, Manila?
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What is the name of the building that housed several administrative offices and archives?
What is the name of the building that housed several administrative offices and archives?
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What is the name of the oldest established university in Asia?
What is the name of the oldest established university in Asia?
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What is the name of the hospital built by the Franciscans in Manila?
What is the name of the hospital built by the Franciscans in Manila?
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What is the purpose of cortinas in a fortress?
What is the purpose of cortinas in a fortress?
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What is the name of the summer residence of the Governor-General?
What is the name of the summer residence of the Governor-General?
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What is the term used to describe a new hybrid-type of construction that combines elements of indigenous and Hispanic building traditions?
What is the term used to describe a new hybrid-type of construction that combines elements of indigenous and Hispanic building traditions?
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What is the purpose of the entresuelo in a Bahay na Bato?
What is the purpose of the entresuelo in a Bahay na Bato?
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What is the typical feature of the ground floor of a Bahay na Bato?
What is the typical feature of the ground floor of a Bahay na Bato?
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What is the term used to describe the wooden fretwork on top of partitions in a Bahay na Bato?
What is the term used to describe the wooden fretwork on top of partitions in a Bahay na Bato?
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What is the term used to describe the interior overhanging veranda in a Bahay na Bato?
What is the term used to describe the interior overhanging veranda in a Bahay na Bato?
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What is the term used to describe the flying wooden gallery in a Bahay na Bato?
What is the term used to describe the flying wooden gallery in a Bahay na Bato?
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What is the typical feature of the windows on the second floor of a Bahay na Bato?
What is the typical feature of the windows on the second floor of a Bahay na Bato?
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What is the term used to describe the outdoor terrace located beside a balon or over an aljibe in a Bahay na Bato?
What is the term used to describe the outdoor terrace located beside a balon or over an aljibe in a Bahay na Bato?
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What was the name of the oldest lighthouse in the Philippines?
What was the name of the oldest lighthouse in the Philippines?
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What was the purpose of the Observatorio Astronomico y Meteorologico de Manila?
What was the purpose of the Observatorio Astronomico y Meteorologico de Manila?
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What was the name of the first and only bridge crossing the Pasig River that was destroyed in the 1863 earthquake?
What was the name of the first and only bridge crossing the Pasig River that was destroyed in the 1863 earthquake?
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What was the purpose of the Carriedo Waterworks?
What was the purpose of the Carriedo Waterworks?
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What was the name of the first large commercial structure in Manila?
What was the name of the first large commercial structure in Manila?
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What was the purpose of the Hotel la Palma de Mallorca, Hotel de Paris, and Hotel de Espana?
What was the purpose of the Hotel la Palma de Mallorca, Hotel de Paris, and Hotel de Espana?
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What was the name of the first bank built in Manila?
What was the name of the first bank built in Manila?
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What was the purpose of the Accesorias?
What was the purpose of the Accesorias?
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Study Notes
Early Philippine Shelters
- Prehistoric cave shelters were the earliest form of human habitation in the Philippines
- Tabon Cave/Callao Cave Complex in Lipuun Point, Palawan, is the site where the presence of humans in the Philippines during the Pleistocene era was first established
- Tau't Bato and Ivatan people built Idjang, a triangular-shaped hilltop type of citadel in the Batanes Islands, made of limestone and wood
Indigenous Peoples' Architecture
- Agta of Palanan built lean-tos constructed along the principle of tripod
- Hawong, used by the Pinatubo Aeta, has no living platform and forms two sloping sides with one or both ends left open
- Tree houses were built by the Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon, Manoboo and Mandaya of Mindanao, and Maranao of Lake Lanao, usually 6, 12, or 18 meters from the ground
Spanish Colonial Architecture
- Baroque Churches of the Philippines, UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
- San Agustin Church, Intramuros, Manila
- Paoay Church, Paoay, Ilocos Norte
- Miag-ao Church, Miag-ao, Iloilo
- Santa Maria Church, Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur
- Fortresses characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts, with bastions, keeps, and watchtowers
- Institutional buildings, such as Ayuntamiento and Palacio Real, housed administrative offices and archives
- Educational and scientific buildings, including schools, universities, and observatories
- Industrial buildings, including bridges, train stations, lighthouses, and water systems
- Commercial buildings, including shops, markets, and hotels
- Domestic structures, including dwellings reflecting social class differences, such as accesorias, vivienda, and bahay na bato
Arquitectura Mestiza
- A hybrid-type of construction that combines indigenous and Hispanic building traditions
- Characteristics of a Bahay na Bato:
- Generally has two storeys, sometimes three
- Ground floor made of cut stone or brick, upper floor made of wood
- Windows: ground floor, grillworks; second floor, sliding shutters with capiz shells or glass panels
- Capped by a high hip roof with a 45-degree-angle pitch
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Description
Explore the early forms of human habitation in the Philippines, from prehistoric cave shelters to indigenous peoples' architecture.
