Early Industrialization of Animation 1914-1960s

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Questions and Answers

What significant animation technique did Earl Hurd develop during the early industrial period?

Earl Hurd developed the cell animation technique.

Which animated film, released in 1928, marked an important milestone in animation history?

Steam Boat Willie was released in 1928.

What was the title of the first full-length color animated film released in 1926?

The Adventure of Prince Achmed was released in 1926.

What genre of animated content gained popularity during the early industrial period as noted in the content?

Adult-oriented humor and themes in theatrical short animations became popular. Signup and view all the answers

Name two notable cartoon characters introduced in the early industrial period.

Betty Boop and Popeye were notable characters introduced during this era. Signup and view all the answers

What studio was known for creating theatrical short animations in the early industrial period?

Fleischer Studio was known for producing short animations. Signup and view all the answers

In what decade did the first sound cartoon, Steam Boat Willie, premiere?

The first sound cartoon premiered in the 1920s. Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred in animation production starting in the 1940s?

Commercial animation production began in Europe and Japan. Signup and view all the answers

Which 1937 animated film is considered a pioneering classic in Disney's history?

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is the pioneering classic. Signup and view all the answers

What major transformation in animation timing is evident during the different periods mentioned?

The transition from short films to full-length animated features marked a major transformation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the frame rate of 35mm film movies?

24 fps. Signup and view all the answers

How does the PAL format differ in frame rate from the NTSC format?

PAL uses 25 fps, while NTSC uses approximately 29.976 fps. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did 35mm film have on 2D animation production in the U.S.?

It established 24 fps as the standard frame rate for 2D animation. Signup and view all the answers

What is Limited Animation?

It is a technique where a single drawing is used across multiple frames to save on production costs. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with commercializing Limited Animation in Japan?

Osamu Tezuka. Signup and view all the answers

What primary challenge did the animation industry face in the 1960s regarding TV series?

U.S. broadcasters could not afford the production costs of TV series animation. Signup and view all the answers

What techniques were used to compensate for the lower visual quality in Limited Animation?

Directing and camera techniques were utilized to enhance the visual storytelling. Signup and view all the answers

What frame rates are commonly used for higher frame rates in animation beyond standard formats?

50, 60, or 120 fps are examples of higher frame rates used. Signup and view all the answers

What animation technique involves tracing images from original film frame by frame?

Rotoscoping Signup and view all the answers

When is considered the starting point of animation history?

1895 with the development of the cinematographe. Signup and view all the answers

Which early animated work, credited to James Stuart Blackton, is known for having no plot?

Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. Signup and view all the answers

What year did Emile Cohl create his influential animated work, which included a simple storyline?

1908 Signup and view all the answers

What was the title of the first theatrical short animation created by Winsor McCay?

Gertie the Dinosaur. Signup and view all the answers

What animation technique was primarily used in 'Gertie the Dinosaur' by Winsor McCay?

Paper animation. Signup and view all the answers

In what time period does the experimental content creation of early animation occur?

1900 to 1914. Signup and view all the answers

Which early animation is recognized for being the first to include a plot?

The Moving Picture Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the South Korean animation industry in the 1960s?

The success of feature-length animation marked the beginning of the South Korean animation industry. Signup and view all the answers

How did the 1970s contribute to the South Korean animation industry?

The 1970s established South Korea as a competitive animation outsourcing country, maintaining a presence with domestic creative animation. Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred in the 1980s regarding animation production?

In the 1980s, South Korea became a major global animation production hub, handling over 70% of the world's outsourcing. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the stability of domestic animation in the 1990s?

The 1990s experienced stable growth in domestic animation, with high popularity of TV series and the return of theatrical animations. Signup and view all the answers

What role did cable TV play in the 1990s animation landscape?

The spread of cable TV and the emergence of specialized animation channels increased both the demand and supply for animations. Signup and view all the answers

How did the 2000s change the attitude towards domestic animation in South Korea?

In the 2000s, there was a shift towards supportive policies and a favorable investment atmosphere for domestic animation. Signup and view all the answers

What challenges did theatrical animations face in the 2000s?

The 2000s presented challenges for theatrical animations, with many high-quality films struggling at the box office due to the dominance of blockbuster films. Signup and view all the answers

What was notable about the 2010s in South Korean animation?

The 2010s saw the success of various TV animation genres, including slapstick comedy and transformation robots. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on the animation industry in the 2020s?

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the theatrical animation market, leading to the poor performance of released films. Signup and view all the answers

What major transition occurred in the animation industry by 2024?

By 2024, the scale of the creative animation industry surpassed that of the outsourcing animation industry. Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining feature of the 1980s regarding home video technology?

The 1980s saw the rise of home VTR and DVD distribution, allowing viewers to access a variety of foreign animations. Signup and view all the answers

In the 2000s, what was the effect of EBS channel on animation?

The EBS channel established itself as a reliable source of educational content and became a leader in preschool and educational animations. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did digital technology have on the animation workforce in the 1990s?

Digital technology led to reorganization in the animation workforce, emphasizing automation and the utilization of outsourcing. Signup and view all the answers

How did government policies influence the animation industry in the 1990s?

Government policies in the 1990s introduced initiatives for training talented individuals and established export support systems. Signup and view all the answers

What notable resurgence in animation technology occurred after the success of 3D films around 2009?

The resurgence of 3D animated films and the production of stereoscopic animation became prominent. Signup and view all the answers

How did the advent of OTT platforms affect the creation of animation content in the 2010s?

Animation content began to be created specifically for OTT platforms and video platforms like YouTube, bypassing traditional broadcasting. Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of using augmented and virtual reality technologies in animation?

These technologies allow for the creative fusion with animation, leading to interactive experiences for audiences. Signup and view all the answers

What change in media consumption occurred from the 2010s relevant to mobile devices?

The focus shifted from home media devices like TVs to personal media devices such as smartphones and tablets. Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed regarding the international collaboration in animation production?

There has been an increase in international co-productions involving multiple countries, reducing investment risks. Signup and view all the answers

How did Disney's announcement regarding CGI animation reflect industry trends?

Disney announced that all CGI animations would also be produced in 3D, highlighting the growing importance of stereoscopic films. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'snack culture' refer to in the context of animation production?

Snack culture refers to the trend of producing short, easily consumable animation content tailored for personal media devices. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use of varied distribution platforms essential in today's animation industry?

It enables content creators to reach wider audiences and adapt to changes in viewer preferences. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Early Industrialization (1914-1950s)

The animation industry begins to establish itself, evolving from film content.
Earl Hurd develops the cel animation technique.
Walt Disney emerges as a significant figure.
Steam Boat Willie (1928), Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Fantasia (1940), Pinocchio (1941), and Dumbo (1941) mark key milestones.
The Adventure of Prince Achmed (1926) is the first color feature-length animation.
Short animated films for theaters become popular, featuring mature themes and humor.
Studios like Fleischer Studio specialize in short films.
Commercial animation production also begins in Europe and Japan in the 1940s.

1960s : the Beginning of Korean Animation

This decade marks the actual start of the Korean animation industry.
Hong Gildong (1967) is a successful animated feature film.
Limited success of follow-up films.
The rise of TV broadcasting dampens the film industry's impact, hindering the industry's growth.
The beginning of overseas animation outsourcing.
Japanese animation production techniques are shared, promoting cultural exchange between Korea and Japan.
Participation in the production of Japanese TV animation.

1970s: Rise as a Competitive Outsourcing Country

Korea emerges as a leading animation outsourcing destination.
Robot Taekwon V (1975) is a successful Korean animated film.
Other feature-length animated films continue to be released, maintaining the industry's presence.

1980s: World's Largest Animation Production Base

Korea becomes the world's largest animation production hub, handling over 70% of global outsourcing.
The rise of original TV animation—including Ddalryeo Ho Dol Yi (1987) and Ddalryeo Hani (1989).
This marks a shift towards expanding into the home-based content market, leveraging established animation infrastructure.
Inspiration is drawn from Japanese tradition and using source material like comics and fairy tales.
The widespread availability of home video players like VTR and DVD allows access to various foreign animated content.

1990s: Stable Development of Korean Animated Content

The Korean animation industry experiences consistent growth with original content.
TV animation enjoys peak popularity with prime-time slots on national networks.
Theatrical animation returns with successful releases.
The expansion of cable broadcasting and dedicated animation channels increases demand and supply.
The government actively promotes and supports the animation industry.
Animation professionals are trained in specialized programs.
Creative and export support initiatives are implemented.
An animation business model is established, using the proven Japanese model of integrating broadcasting, toys, and characters.
The animation industry workforce shifts towards automation and overseas outsourcing due to digital technology and rising labor costs. Incorporation of CGI technology boosts the industry's CGI infrastructure.

2000s: Focus on Global Success and New Challenges

Government support for the animation industry intensifies.
Mandatory inclusion of Korean animation on national networks is implemented.
Variety of funding programs are introduced.
Korean animation achieves global success.
Hallyu animation like Pucca (2000) emerges.
Korean TV animation attracts favorable domestic and international investment.
Theatrical animation experiences box office setbacks.
High-quality animation earns critical acclaim but fails to achieve commercially success.
Costly blockbusters experience consecutive box office failures, hindering future investment.
Flash animation gains popularity but struggles to compete commercially.
Youtube and mobile technology resurface Flash animation as a production technique.
The animation business model diversifies, incorporating strategies such as OSMU (One Source Multi Use) and global market expansion.
The declining influence of national networks results in lower viewership, leading to reduced animation production and broadcasting by broadcasters.
Debate arises over mandatory screening of Korean animation.
The impact of EBS channel increases.
The reliability of educational programming coupled with exceptional content acquisition and broadcasting establishes EBS as a leader in preschool and educational animation.
A decline in cost competitiveness leads to outsourcing industry contraction.
The animation industry focuses on creative content and further diversification.

2010s: The Rise of Mobile Animation and New Artistic Approaches

Television animation experiences success and popularity across diverse genres, including slapstick comedy and transforming robots.
Theatrical animation features diverse approaches, resulting in critical success for The Running Turtle (2011), despite the continued box office failures of blockbuster films.
Larva (2011) becomes a global phenomenon, leading to a wave of similar productions.
Hello Carbot (2014) marks the rise of mobile app and YouTube animation.
Spin-offs of TV series offer a cost-effective way to achieve successful results.
The overall animation landscape is increasingly influenced by mobile technology.

2020s: Navigating Pandemic Challenges and Emerging Trends

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts the industry, especially theatrical animation.
The box office failure of several feature-length films highlights the severity of the situation.
Amidst the pandemic, the demand for TV and OTT content increases, providing a silver lining.
In 2024, the Korean animation industry surpasses the size of the outsourcing sector.
The Strange Case of the Plastic surgery (2020), Magical: The Princess Who Makes People Laugh (2020), Stress Zero (2021), and Willbenjers: The Suspicious Camping Trip (2022) are notable animated works of this era.

Important Facts and Figures

Frames per second (FPS):
35mm film (24fps)
PAL (Europe-based analog color TV broadcasting standard) (25fps)
NTSC (US and Korean standard) (29.976fps).
Other common standards include 50, 60, and 120fps, depending on context.
Limited Animation:
A technique popularized by Osamu Tezuka in 1963 in Astro Boy.
It prioritizes efficient animation by using a single frame for multiple frames when movement is not essential.
Creative direction and camera techniques are used to compensate for the reduced visual quality.
Rotoscoping:
- A technique using traced images from original film footage to create animation.
- It is often combined with the original images for a realistic effect.
The Importance of Osamu Tezuka:
Astro Boy (Tetsuwan Atom) is considered the first TV anime series from a country other than the US.
The creation of Astro Boy was significant because it allowed for the production of TV anime series on a limited budget, using limited animation techniques.

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Description

Explore the evolution of the animation industry from 1914 to the 1960s. Learn about key figures like Walt Disney, significant milestones like 'Snow White', and the beginnings of the Korean animation scene. This quiz delves into the technological advancements and cultural shifts that shaped the animation landscape during this period.