Early Human Societies and Trade
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main advantages of trade emerging in early human societies?

  • Greater social stratification
  • Increased warfare
  • Cross-cultural interaction (correct)
  • More hunting opportunities

    • Early human societies relied solely on hunting for their survival.

    False

    What was the initial need that led to trade among early human societies?

    resource needs

    Humans began to cultivate crops and produce surplus food, leading to the establishment of __________ settlements.

    <p>permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following products with their respective categories:

    <p>Crops = Agricultural products Cattle = Livestock Spices = Flavoring agents Literature = Cultural products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a resource that was exchanged in early trade?

    <p>Weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one skill that allowed people to be compensated in early human societies.

    <p>artisan skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early human trade included the exchange of entertainment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant advancement in medicine that has reduced mortality rates during childbirth?

    <p>Cesarean sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the past, maternal and infant mortality rates during childbirth were significantly lower than they are today.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two diseases that were once widespread and often fatal but are now treatable due to advancements in medicine?

    <p>Smallpox and tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advancements in medicine and sanitation have dramatically increased average __________.

    <p>lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their medical advancements:

    <p>Childbirth mortality = Cesarean sections Infectious diseases = Vaccines Chronic diseases = New treatments Literacy = Digital literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to shorter lifespans in the past?

    <p>Limited access to healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of literacy has remained unchanged from the past to the present.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of digital literacy?

    <p>Computer proficiency and information literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the evolution of literacy?

    <p>Incorporates traditional and digital skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The measurement of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has remained unchanged with the rise of the digital economy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been one major concern regarding the fast-paced nature of digital reading?

    <p>Potential negative impacts on deep reading skills and critical thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rise of the __________ economy has introduced complexities to GDP calculations.

    <p>digital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has technology changed the way we access information?

    <p>It has increased accessibility globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of technology with their descriptions:

    <p>Old Technology = Traditional manufacturing and farming methods New Technology = Digital products and services, like cloud computing Humanity's Dependence = Reliance on technology for improvement and growth Economic Output = Now reflects the digital economy's contributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the past, GDP calculations primarily focused on __________ goods.

    <p>tangible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The evolution of literacy includes only reading-related skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main explanations people sought to understand the world in the Human Condition before the Common Era?

    <p>Supernatural beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Holocene Extinction period is characterized by the over-hunting of small mammals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drove the need for additional resources in the Common Era?

    <p>Growing population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship humans had with __________ was significant before the Common Era.

    <p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the events with their descriptions:

    <p>12,000 years ago = Earliest case of man-made extinction Holocene = Period marked by the extinction of numerous species Over-hunting = Primary cause of extinction of large mammals Territorial disputes = Conflict leading to resource scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the extinction of large species like mammoths during the Holocene?

    <p>Over-hunting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People in the Human Condition before the Common Era had access to extensive written records.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence do we primarily rely on to speculate about the culture of this era?

    <p>Cave drawings and artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit attributed to technology according to the content?

    <p>Improved industrial efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology has completely eliminated global inequality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do people still seek to understand their existence?

    <p>Religion or science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology has added __________ to the human condition, but has not changed its fundamentals.

    <p>sophistication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following issues with their descriptions:

    <p>Poverty = A significant social issue affecting millions worldwide Racism = Discrimination based on race Global inequality = The disparity between different socio-economic groups Wars = Conflicts fought over race, territory, or belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, technology has fulfilled its initial promises. What is a specific area where this is noted?

    <p>Factory machine efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All individuals benefit equally from scientific breakthroughs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one global conflict mentioned in the content.

    <p>China and Philippines dispute or Palestine vs. Israel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Martin Heidegger argue is the essence of technology?

    <p>It encompasses both purpose and being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deterministic view of technology has remained unquestioned in modern philosophy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a major consequence of immersing ourselves in new technology according to the text?

    <p>It has led to the emergence of new questions about human existence and reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology transforms nature into __________ categories such as renewable and nonrenewable.

    <p>economic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the philosophers with their primary views on technology:

    <p>Martin Heidegger = Differentiates purpose from essence Second Perspective = Reveals character of human being through technology Instrumental View = Technology is a tool for achieving goals Economic Perspective = Categorizes nature based on profitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has technology influenced human perception of life?

    <p>It has allowed humans to embrace the unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans are primarily judged by their productivity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two distinct perspectives on technology as mentioned in the content?

    <p>The instrumental view and the second perspective focusing on human existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one application of nanotechnology mentioned in the content?

    <p>Bio-barcode assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nanoscale materials exhibit properties similar to larger particles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what scale do various activities of cells take place?

    <p>Nanoscale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles with dimensions of __________ nanometers have properties that are significantly discrete from larger particles.

    <p>1-100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nanoscale properties with their descriptions:

    <p>Chemical reactivity = Changes with size Fluorescence = Exhibits size dependency Magnetic permeability = Varies at the nanoscale Electrical conductivity = Dependent on particle dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the significance of nanoscale gold particles?

    <p>They selectively accumulate in tumors for imaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The properties of materials at the nanoscale do not change as a function of size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of the bio-barcode assay?

    <p>Identification of specific disease markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences seasonal differences on Earth?

    <p>Eccentricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Obliquity refers to the changes in the shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time frame for one cycle of Earth's obliquity?

    <p>40,000 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The current North Star is __________.

    <p>Polaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following variations with their definitions:

    <p>Eccentricity = Shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun Obliquity = Tilt of Earth's axis Precession = Change in orientation of Earth's rotational axis Insolation = Amount of solar energy received</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does increased obliquity have on seasons?

    <p>More severe seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Precession affects the timing of summer and winter seasons equally in both hemispheres.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the precession cycle last?

    <p>19,000 to 23,000 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gene therapy?

    <p>To insert foreign DNA to combat diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Germ-line gene therapy alters genes in cells that will not be inherited by the next generation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of gene therapy?

    <p>Somatic gene therapy and germ-line gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Embryonic stem cells are derived from a ______ human embryo.

    <p>four- or five-day-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of stem cells with their descriptions:

    <p>Embryonic stem cells = Derived from a human embryo in the blastocyst phase Somatic stem cells = Found in various tissues throughout the adult body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of gene therapy?

    <p>Extraction of healthy genes from donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stem cells have the potential to develop into any type of cell in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of somatic stem cells?

    <p>They exist throughout the body after embryonic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range does the nanoscale refer to?

    <p>1 to 100 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nanotechnology was first discussed by Richard Feynman in 1959.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of electron microscope.

    <p>Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) or Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nanometer is one billionth of a __________.

    <p>meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions to nanotechnology:

    <p>Richard Feynman = Introduced the concept of nanotechnology Norio Taniguchi = Coined the term 'nanotechnology' Ernst Ruska = Developed the first electron microscope Gerd Binig = Developed the atomic force microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes nanotechnology?

    <p>It employs the study and application of exceptionally small things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Atomic Force Microscope was first developed in the early 2000s.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first electron microscope was developed in the __________.

    <p>1930s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural occurrence can lead to a short-term cooling effect on the lithosphere?

    <p>Volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volcanoes located near the poles are more effective in causing global cooling compared to those near the equator.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major volcanic eruption mentioned that contributed to global cooling.

    <p>Mount Tambora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory that explains cyclical variations in Earth-Sun geometry is known as __________ theory.

    <p>Milankovitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following volcanic eruptions with their year:

    <p>Mount Tambora = 1816 Mount Krakatau = 1883 Mount Pinatubo = 1991 Eyjafjallajökull = 2010</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main gases released during volcanic eruptions that can contribute to climate change?

    <p>Sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerosols from volcanic eruptions have no lasting effects on climate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural phenomenon can aerosol particles from volcanic eruptions lead to in terms of climate?

    <p>Cooling effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of Gerd Binig and Heinrich Rohrer to nanotechnology?

    <p>Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Top-down fabrication involves building materials from atomic components.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method used in nanomanufacturing that involves chemical reactions to form films.

    <p>Chemical vapor deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method called __________ involves a tip dipped into a chemical fluid to write on a surface.

    <p>Dip pen lithography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nanomanufacturing techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>Self-assembly = Components join together without external direction Nanoimprint lithography = Printing nanoscale features onto a surface Roll-to-roll processing = High-volume fabrication on a roll of material Atomic layer epitaxy = Depositing one-atom-thick layers on a surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to nanomanufacturing is typically more time-consuming?

    <p>Bottom-up fabrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nanomanufacturing techniques can make materials scratch-resistant and water-repellent.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of nanomanufacturing?

    <p>Cost-effective production of nanoscale materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Martin Heidegger, technology can be perceived as which of the following?

    <p>A means to achieve man's end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heidegger states that the essence of technology is the same as its purpose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the negative impact of categorizing nature into renewable and nonrenewable resources?

    <p>Reductionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, technology's primary impact on human perception is that humans are often reduced to their __________.

    <p>productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the perspectives on technology to their descriptions:

    <p>Heidegger's View = Technology is a means to achieve human ends. Second Perspective = Each technological period reveals character in human existence. Deterministic View = Technology operates independently of human choices. Reductionist View = Nature is valued primarily for its resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material was primarily used by Homo Erectus to create fire?

    <p>Flint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People before the Common Era fully understood the laws of friction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of materials did early humans use for clothing?

    <p>Animal skins and fur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The figures discovered in the latter half of the Stone Age may represent __________.

    <p>Ceremonial practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following early human innovations with their descriptions:

    <p>Fire = Used for cooking and warmth Venus figures = Representation of female anatomy Metalwork = Forging tools from minerals Clothing = Protection against the elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the early concepts of beauty found in archaeological sites?

    <p>Accessories made from shiny stones or bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People before the Common Era had a vested interest in understanding and honoring deities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were early humans likely relying on to explain the unexplained phenomena they encountered?

    <p>Supernatural beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Holocene Extinction was primarily caused by significant climate change.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the over-hunting and extinction of many large mammals during the Holocene period?

    <p>Territorial disputes and the need for additional resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People from ancient times sought to understand their existence through __________.

    <p>religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary factor that contributed to the need for additional resources in the Common Era?

    <p>Growing human population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Limited evidence from the past makes it difficult to speculate on the culture of early human societies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often attributed as a significant cause for the extinction of species like mammoths?

    <p>Over-hunting by early humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The period of Holocene was marked by the extinction of numerous species between __________ years ago.

    <p>12,000 and 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has significantly reduced mortality rates during childbirth in modern times?

    <p>Advancements in medical knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average lifespan of individuals today is shorter than that of people in the past.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two infectious diseases that were once widespread and fatal.

    <p>Smallpox, tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of __________ literacy denotes skills like computer proficiency and information literacy in the digital age.

    <p>digital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following advancements in medicine with their effects:

    <p>Vaccines = Prevent infectious diseases Antibiotics = Treat bacterial infections Cesarean sections = Safeguard childbirth Improved sanitation = Reduce disease transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about childbirth in the past?

    <p>Maternal mortality was a common outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Limited access to healthcare contributed to longer lifespans in the past.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the increase in average lifespan in modern society?

    <p>Advancements in medicine and new treatments for chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Today, advancements in medicine and sanitation have ________ the average lifespan.

    <p>increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each disease with its current status due to medical advancements:

    <p>Smallpox = Eradicated Tuberculosis = Treatable Cholera = Preventable Cancer = Manageable with new treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has technology improved in relation to the concept of literacy?

    <p>Access to information through digital platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GDP calculations have remained the same despite the rise of the digital economy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one concern regarding digital reading?

    <p>Potential negative impacts on deep reading skills and critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Literacy now includes skills such as ______________ and information literacy.

    <p>digital literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Literacy = The ability to read, write, and use digital tools GDP = A measure of a nation's economic output Digital Economy = The economy based on digital goods and services Critical Thinking = The ability to analyze and evaluate an issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does technology play in modern economic measures like GDP?

    <p>It adds complexities with intangible products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital literacy skills only refer to the ability to read electronic texts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one aspect that has evolved in the definition of technology over the years.

    <p>From a tool to a way of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The essence of technology suggests it is more goal-________ than merely a tool.

    <p>oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following advancements with their effects:

    <p>Cloud Computing = Enables storage and access of data remotely Mobile Technology = Improves communication on-the-go Data Centers = Supports online services and data processing Digital Literacy = Enhances skills needed for information access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge that arises with the introduction of new technology across generations?

    <p>Older generations struggle with new technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The original purpose of technology was to hinder progress and development in society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way technology has aided in revealing the truth about human beings.

    <p>By enhancing communication or gathering data about human behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of human flourishing is shaped by societal and __________ contexts.

    <p>environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following technological impacts with their descriptions:

    <p>Generational Gap = Struggle of older generations with new technology Human Flourishing = Changing perceptions across time periods Innovation = Primitive efforts for survival and development Accessibility = Challenges in technology usage for some individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What often characterizes the relationship humans had with technology before the Common Era?

    <p>A struggle for survival and basic innovations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Martin Heidegger, technology is merely a tool for humans to use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect has been added to literacy in the present compared to the past?

    <p>Digital literacy skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GDP calculations have not adapted to include intangible digital products and services.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a concern regarding the fast-paced nature of digital reading.

    <p>Negative impacts on deep reading skills and critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GDP traditionally focused on tangible goods and traditional industries like __________ and agriculture.

    <p>manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following technological advancements with their descriptions:

    <p>Cloud computing = A digital service that allows data storage and access over the internet Data centers = Facilities used to house computer systems and associated components Mobile technology = Devices that allow wireless communication and connectivity Information literacy = The ability to find, evaluate, and use information effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material was primarily used to create tools during the Stone Age?

    <p>Flint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early human societies had a clear understanding of the laws of friction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clothing did early humans create to protect themselves from harsh conditions?

    <p>Fur clothing and animal skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excavations revealed that early humans engaged in the concept of __________, as seen through early accessories made from shiny stones.

    <p>beauty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following early human discoveries/innovations with their significance:

    <p>Fire = Cooking and protection Venus figures = Cultural significance of female anatomy Animal skin = Protection from weather Ceremonial figures = Honoring deities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discovery suggests early humans had an interest in aesthetics?

    <p>Venus figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools is categorized as a farming tool?

    <p>Plows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Machines were created for the benefit of the people in the past.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early human societies primarily focused on agricultural developments during the Stone Age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primal forms of worship are indicated through early human artifacts?

    <p>Nature gods, such as those representing elephants or water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one primary reason for the development of writing systems in ancient societies.

    <p>Record-keeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical strength was valued the most, although the __________ were recognized for their intellect and innovations.

    <p>intellectually gifted figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early humans used __________ to create tools and protect themselves during the harsh winter.

    <p>animal skin and fur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advancement has notably reduced mortality rates during childbirth?

    <p>Prenatal care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tools with their respective categories:

    <p>Wheelbarrows = Construction tools Clays tablets = Record-keeping tools Irrigation systems = Farming tools Wagons = Transportation tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All human societies relied solely on agriculture for sustenance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one type of material used for writing in ancient societies?

    <p>Papyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology has significantly reduced __________ rates in modern times.

    <p>mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor often led communities to allocate resources to militias?

    <p>Wars due to different races or beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has significantly reduced mortality rates during childbirth?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the past, access to sanitation practices contributed to longer lifespans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one chronic disease that has become treatable due to advancements in medicine.

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of vaccines has dramatically increased the average lifespan by protecting against __________ diseases.

    <p>infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medical advancements with their benefits:

    <p>Prenatal Care = Improved maternal outcomes Antibiotics = Treatment of bacterial infections Vaccines = Prevention of infectious diseases Cesarean Sections = Safer childbirth procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'digital literacy' encompass?

    <p>Computer proficiency and information literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology has had a solely positive impact on literacy rates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major infectious disease that used to be widespread and is now treatable?

    <p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advancements in __________ have substantially improved healthcare outcomes.

    <p>sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that has contributed to increased average lifespan now?

    <p>Higher rates of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biodiversity encompass?

    <p>Genetic diversity, diversity between species, and diversity of ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diverse ecosystem decreases resilience against natural disasters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical role of biodiversity in sustainability?

    <p>It supports human needs such as food, water, and clean air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loss of biodiversity leads to a reduced ability of ecosystems to meet human __________.

    <p>needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the threats to biodiversity with their descriptions:

    <p>Habitat loss = Destruction of natural environments Over-exploitation = Unsustainable harvesting of species Pollution = Contamination of ecosystems Alterations in ecosystem composition = Changes in species dominance or presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a biodiverse ecosystem?

    <p>Increased genetic diseases among species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conservation efforts are unnecessary in maintaining biodiversity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental factor that contributes to various human illnesses?

    <p>Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rising global temperatures have no effect on agricultural systems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one disease that is often linked to harmful environmental conditions.

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over ____ billion people lacked access to basic sanitation in 2015.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following environmental issues with their impacts on health:

    <p>Pollution = Increases respiratory diseases Deforestation = Reduces biodiversity Pesticide exposure = Can lead to cancer Climate change = Affects food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major consequences of biodiversity loss?

    <p>Increased incidence of zoonotic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Habitat destruction has no impact on local economies reliant on fishing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does biodiversity play in the regulation of diseases?

    <p>It helps to maintain ecological balances that prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The loss of biodiversity can compromise access to _____ resources, leading to competition and conflict.

    <p>clean water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following consequences of biodiversity loss with their effects:

    <p>Loss of fish species = Increased food scarcity Diminished natural beauty = Decreased tourism Disrupted disease regulation = Higher incidence of diseases Decreased carbon storage = Accelerated climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between biodiversity and food production?

    <p>Biodiversity supports sustainable food production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon storage is primarily enhanced by urban areas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can affect global nutritional status?

    <p>Intensified food production techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High biodiversity levels are essential for maintaining healthy local diets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that biodiversity contributes to regarding climate change?

    <p>Climate regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some major contributors to infectious diseases according to the content?

    <p>Poor sanitation and unsafe water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Earth will retain its biodiversity if humans have the _____ to do so.

    <p>prescience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lack of basic necessities such as clean water, food, and shelter leads to __________.

    <p>mortality and health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ecosystems with their benefits:

    <p>Forests = Carbon sequestration Wetlands = Disease regulation Coral reefs = Biodiversity hotspot Grasslands = Sustainable grazing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the environmental hazards to their descriptions:

    <p>Physical Hazards = Pollution and toxic chemicals Social Hazards = Dangerous work conditions Economic Hazards = Poverty and urban sprawl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a consequence of habitat simplification?

    <p>Increased vulnerabilities in communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advances in agriculture have had a greater impact on human health than medical technology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a disease that can be caused by unsafe water.

    <p>Cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Healthy diets require maintenance of high levels of __________.

    <p>biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increased genetic diversity within species contribute to?

    <p>Greater stability of ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major threat to biodiversity according to the United Nations' Environment Programme?

    <p>Natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loss of biodiversity can lead to a reduction in clean water availability.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for harvesting a renewable resource at a rate faster than it can replenish itself?

    <p>Over-exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The removal of a key species from an ecosystem can lead to ______________ of prey species.

    <p>overpopulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following consequences of biodiversity loss with their examples:

    <p>Ecosystem Stability = Loss of a predator affects food web dynamics Pollination Services = Reduced crop yield due to fewer pollinators Agricultural Impact = Increased vulnerability to pests and diseases Health Consequences = Diminished access to traditional medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of global climate change?

    <p>Decreased habitat diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pollution is a type of contamination that only occurs in aquatic ecosystems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a way biodiversity contributes to human health.

    <p>Access to traditional medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecosystem composition changes can lead to disruptions in __________ interactions.

    <p>trophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Objectives

    • Students should be able to explain the concept of human condition before science and technology.
    • Students should be able to identify the change in the human condition after science and technology.
    • Students should be able to name ways technology aided in revealing truth about human beings.

    Contents

    • Introduction
    • The Human Condition Before the Common Era
    • The Human Condition in the Common Era
    • The Essence of Technology
    • Backtracking the Human Condition

    Technology as a Way of Revealing

    • Significant changes in culture, language, or rights, due to science and technology.
    • "Generation gap" is attributed to the changes brought about by technology.
    • The original idea of technology is to help everyone, but not everyone is comfortable with different kinds of technology.
    • Older generations struggle with new technology, while younger generations adapt easily.
    • This presents a challenge, to make technology more accessible for older generations.
    • People have been captivated by science and technology leading to inventions enhancing quality of life.
    • The concept of human flourishing varies across time periods, shaped by societal and environmental contexts.
    • Perceptions of flourishing and the actual human condition are influenced by advancements in science and technology.

    The Human Condition Before the Common Era

    Primitive Life, Innovation, and Answers

    • Early ancestors had a primal need to survive and thrive.
    • Motivation to make things easier has been present since early periods.
    • Advanced intelligence allowed utilizing resources for comfort.

    Early Innovations

    • Tools from flint and stones were used in the Stone Age.
    • Sharpening stones (e.g., the wedge) was a significant discovery.
    • Homo Erectus used fire to cook.
    • Early humans chipped one flint against another, without understanding friction.

    Early Innovations (continued)

    • Accounts are limited in this period.
    • Archaeologists and anthropologists used cave drawings and unearthed artifacts to learn about their culture.
    • Multiple "Venus" figures suggest a fixation on female anatomy.

    Clothing and Necessities

    • People discovered minerals and started metalworking.
    • Fur and animal skins were used for clothing to protect against harsh weather.
    • Ancestors realized the vulnerability of being naked and created clothing accordingly.
    • Excavation sites discovered early concepts of accessories, made of shiny stones or bones, suggesting an appreciation for beauty.

    Religion as Answers

    • Excavations in the latter half of the Stone Age discovered figures likely ceremonial.
    • People of that time painstakingly crafted figures to honor deities.
    • Early primal gods were associated with objects from everyday life (e.g., elephants, mammoths, mountain gods for windy areas, gods for water).
    • Religion remains the strongest contender to science because it is more easily grasped and understood.
    • People from today and even from the past seek to explain things beyond their understanding through concepts of the supernatural.

    Limited and Inferential Information in this Era

    • Speculations on culture.
    • Limited information sources from cave drawings and excavated artifacts.
    • Different points of view among different civilizations.

    The Human Condition in the Common Era

    • People were content with their relationship with nature for a long time.
    • Earliest man-made extinctions occurred about 12,000 years ago, possibly due to hunting and territorial disputes.
    • Growing populations needed more resources (leading to over-hunting and over-fishing).
    • Communities grew, expanding territories, leading to civilizations.

    The Holocene Extinction

    • The Holocene period marked the extinction of many species between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago.
    • Extinction of large mammals (mammoths, giant sloths) was possibly caused by over-hunting by early humans.
    • Several species of flora and fauna were impacted due to human activity.

    Early Human Societies

    • Early human societies centered around hunting.
    • Hunting was a source of food and a way to demonstrate social standing.
    • War between tribes was common due to resource needs.
    • Peaceful methods of resolving conflicts were discovered around 5,000 years ago.

    Trade and Initial Needs

    • "Trade" began as cross-town and eventually cross-cultural interaction occurred.
    • Exchanging of products and initial needs emerged.
    • Trading led to wealth, which became a goal.
    • People who didn't possess wealth had to hunt, farm, and produce goods for profit.
    • Nuclear communities (self-sufficient communities) accommodated growing populations with dwindling resources.

    Products Exchanged

    • Crops
    • Cattle
    • Poultry
    • Clothing materials
    • Metal
    • Accessories
    • Weapons
    • Spicies
    • Literature
    • Entertainment

    Specialized Artisans

    • Specialization developed, for compensated artisan skills.
    • Farming and agriculture allowed cultivation of crops.
    • Producing surplus food.
    • Establishing permanent settlements.

    Tools

    • Hand-held tools (stone axes, spears, arrows, sickles).
    • Farming tools (plows, irrigation systems, storage containers).
    • Construction tools (bricks, mortar, wheelbarrows, simple cranes).
    • Communication and record-keeping tools (writing systems, clay tablets, papyrus, parchments).
    • Trade and transportation tools (wagons, carts, roads, bridges)

    Intricacies of Today

    • Machines were created and causes endeavored
    • People developed methods for warding off evil (e.g., concocted potions).
    • The concept of morality is important.
    • Different races, beliefs, and abundant resources led to wars.
    • Communities allocated resources for the militia.

    Advantages of Modern Era

    • Physical strength was valued most in early times, though intellectually gifted innovators were also present.
    • Technological advancements (e.g., medicine, health, education) have improved daily life significantly.

    Notable Comparisons Then and Now

    Mortality Rate

    • Women and children were vulnerable to death during childbirths due to limited medical knowledge and resources.
    • Premature births and complications resulted in loss of both mother and baby.
    • Modern advancements (prenatal care, improved surgical techniques, antibiotics) reduced mortality rates, and made childbirth safer.

    Average Lifespan

    • People were susceptible to diseases (like smallpox, tuberculosis, and cholera).
    • Limited healthcare and sanitation contributed to shorter lifespans.
    • Medicine and sanitation increased average lifespan dramatically.
    • Development of new treatments helped manage chronic diseases.

    Literacy Rate

    • Primary literacy meant the ability to read and write, accessed via limited resources like cost and location.
    • Technology increased access to information.
    • "Digital literacy" is a modern concept that encompasses computer skills and information literacy.
    • Concerns exist regarding the potential negative impacts of digital technologies on deep reading skills and critical thinking.

    Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

    • GDP calculations (nation's economic output) focused mainly on tangible goods and traditional industries (like manufacturing, agriculture, and resource extraction).
    • Calculation expanded to include intangible products like cloud computing, data centers and mobile technologies.

    Essence of Technology

    • Humanity has come a long way from primitive ways.
    • Technology improved life, made it more comfortable for many, due to scientific breakthroughs.
    • Modern humans are reliant on technology for the good life, recognizing natural ways to improve lives.

    Old Technology versus New Technology

    Technology: a tool or Way of Life?

    • Technology is often goal-oriented.
    • Technology is seen as an instrumental aspect in goal achievement, a purposeful craft that humans utilize to reach greater goods.
    • In a postmodern era, the deterministic view of technology is questioned by people.

    Heidegger's Perspective

    • Martin Heidegger argued that technology's essence differs from its purpose and its being.
    • Technology is a means to achieve human goals and constitutes human activity.

    Second Perspective

    • Each technology era reveals a particular characteristic regarding human being.
    • Introducing new technology results in a myriad of new questions.
    • Humans use technology to confront the unknown and understand their reactions.

    Essence of (continued)

    • Technological revelation is only one way to understand the world.
    • The world is often viewed as a field of resources with monetary value given to everything.
    • Human beings categorize nature into "renewable" and "non-renewable" resources based on their perceived value.
    • Humans are reduced to the amount of productivity they generate in their lives.
    • Practical skills are emphasized and valued, and individuals are compensated based on their labor.
    • People continue to seek answers through science or religion.

    Negative Effects

    • Excessive dependence on technology can make a person lose track of important values.
    • This can diminish the economic and surrounding values of things.
    • Dedicating oneself to technology and science to the exclusion of all other considerations can be detrimental.

    Essence of Technology (continued)

    • Technology provided explanations, and benefited people.
    • The process of tried-and-tested work does well for people.
    • Should embrace the unknown as one should retrace their steps in achieving the "good life."

    Backtracking the Human Condition

    • Technology has fulfilled initial promises; it has increased comfort for many,
    • Scientific breakthroughs have improved lifestyles, especially for the affluent.
    • (Examples: factory machines, robotic arms, spaceships, space exploration, modern gadgets.)

    Backtracking the Human Condition (continued)

    • Many still face struggles with survival (diseases, wars, resource competition).

    • Global inequalities persist.

    • Wars, disputes over territory, race, and beliefs continue.

    • People still seek meaning through religion or science.

    • Religion explains the unknown; science offers discovery.

    • Both remain methods of seeking meaning and sense of existence.

    Backtracking the Human Condition (continued)

    • Technology only enhances sophistication but not human conditions.
    • Despite advancement, human conditions remain the same (struggles for survival, conflict, and meaning).

    Backtracking the Human Condition (continued)

    • Technology cannot define the good life.
    • Aristotle: human flourishing comes from societal virtues (wisdom, courage, justice) resulting in fulfillment.

    Backtracking the Human Condition (continued)

    • Technology is rapid but lacks moral consideration.
    • Aristotle's good life depends on virtues, not efficiency.
    • A good life balances virtues, innovation, and ethics.

    Backtracking the Human Condition (continued)

    • Technology provides comfort and innovation but doesn't define the good life.
    • Embracing virtues, holistic views of flourishing are fundamental for a good life.
    • Questioning what "living well" truly means.

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    Description

    Explore the advantages and developments in early human trade and medicine. This quiz covers the evolution from hunting to trade, the emergence of surplus food, and key advancements in healthcare that have improved mortality rates. Test your knowledge on the significance of trade and medicine in shaping early societies.

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