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Questions and Answers
During which phase of fertilization does the acrosome reaction happen?
During which phase of fertilization does the acrosome reaction happen?
What is the term for the process of the sperm passing through the corona radiata?
What is the term for the process of the sperm passing through the corona radiata?
Which of the following occurs on Day 3 of early human development?
Which of the following occurs on Day 3 of early human development?
Which event occurs first in fertilization?
Which event occurs first in fertilization?
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What is the purpose of the polar bodies in fertilization?
What is the purpose of the polar bodies in fertilization?
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What happens after the pronuclei dissolve in fertilization?
What happens after the pronuclei dissolve in fertilization?
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What determines the sex of the embryo in fertilization?
What determines the sex of the embryo in fertilization?
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the pre-implantation stages of human development?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the pre-implantation stages of human development?
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Which of the following is NOT a specialization of the blastomere cells in the blastocyst?
Which of the following is NOT a specialization of the blastomere cells in the blastocyst?
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What is the purpose of the blastocoele in the blastocyst?
What is the purpose of the blastocoele in the blastocyst?
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Which layers make up the bilaminar embryo?
Which layers make up the bilaminar embryo?
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Which layer of the bilaminar embryonic disc will form the mesoderm and endoderm?
Which layer of the bilaminar embryonic disc will form the mesoderm and endoderm?
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During gastrulation, the primitive streak forms bilateral symmetry and is the site of future 'tail'. When does the primitive streak form?
During gastrulation, the primitive streak forms bilateral symmetry and is the site of future 'tail'. When does the primitive streak form?
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Which layer of the trilaminar embryo gives rise to the nervous system, skin, and hair?
Which layer of the trilaminar embryo gives rise to the nervous system, skin, and hair?
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What is the term for the process by which the bilaminar disc elongates and forms the primitive streak?
What is the term for the process by which the bilaminar disc elongates and forms the primitive streak?
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Which layer of the trilaminar embryo gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system?
Which layer of the trilaminar embryo gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system?
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What is the process by which epiblast cells migrate through the primitive groove into the hypoblast called?
What is the process by which epiblast cells migrate through the primitive groove into the hypoblast called?
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What is the significance of gastrulation in development?
What is the significance of gastrulation in development?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three germ layers formed during gastrulation?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three germ layers formed during gastrulation?
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What is the term for the process of the sperm penetrating the oocyte membrane?
What is the term for the process of the sperm penetrating the oocyte membrane?
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What is the term for the process by which the bilaminar disc elongates and forms the primitive streak?
What is the term for the process by which the bilaminar disc elongates and forms the primitive streak?
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During gastrulation, which layer of the trilaminar embryo forms both embryonic tissues and extra-embryonic tissues?
During gastrulation, which layer of the trilaminar embryo forms both embryonic tissues and extra-embryonic tissues?
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Which event occurs first in fertilization?
Which event occurs first in fertilization?
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Which process involves the movement of epiblast cells through the primitive groove of the primitive streak?
Which process involves the movement of epiblast cells through the primitive groove of the primitive streak?
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Which layers of the trilaminar embryo give rise to the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system?
Which layers of the trilaminar embryo give rise to the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system?
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Study Notes
Fertilization
- Acrosome reaction happens during the phase of fertilization when the sperm penetrates the oocyte.
- Penetration of the sperm through the corona radiata is known as canopus reaction.
- The event that occurs first in fertilization is the penetration of the sperm through the corona radiata.
Early Human Development
- On Day 3 of early human development, the fertilized ovum undergoes cleavage and forms a compact cluster of cells called a morula.
Polar Bodies
- The purpose of polar bodies in fertilization is to receive excess chromosomes, ensuring the fertilized ovum has the correct number of chromosomes.
Pronuclei
- After the pronuclei dissolve in fertilization, the genetic material from the sperm and oocyte combines to form a single nucleus.
Sex Determination
- The sex of the embryo in fertilization is determined by the sperm, which carries either an X or Y chromosome.
Pre-implantation Stages
- The correct sequence of events during the pre-implantation stages of human development is: fertilization, cleavage, morula, blastula, and blastocyst.
Blastocyst
- The blastocoele is a fluid-filled cavity within the blastocyst that provides a supportive environment for embryonic development.
- Blastomere cells in the blastocyst are specialized to form the embryoblast (inner cell mass) and trophoblast (outer cell layer).
- The embryoblast will form the embryonic tissues, while the trophoblast will form the placenta and other supporting tissues.
Bilaminar Embryo
- The bilaminar embryo consists of two layers: the epiblast and hypoblast.
- The epiblast will form the mesoderm and endoderm, while the hypoblast will form the amniotic sac and chorion.
Gastrulation
- During gastrulation, the primitive streak forms bilateral symmetry and is the site of future 'tail'.
- The primitive streak forms around day 14-15 of human development.
- The process by which the bilaminar disc elongates and forms the primitive streak is called gastrulation.
- The epiblast cells migrate through the primitive groove into the hypoblast during gastrulation, a process called ingression.
- The significance of gastrulation in development is the formation of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Trilaminar Embryo
- The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system, skin, and hair.
- The endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system.
- The mesoderm forms both embryonic tissues (notochord, bones, muscles) and extra-embryonic tissues (amnion, chorion).
Germ Layers
- The three primary germ layers formed during gastrulation are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
- The mesoderm is NOT one of the primary germ layers formed during gastrulation (it is one of the three primary germ layers).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key processes of early human development! From fertilization to implantation, take this quiz to see how well you understand the concepts of gametes, cleavage, and blastocyst formation.
