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Questions and Answers
Which dynasty conquered southern India in the 11th century?
Which dynasty conquered southern India in the 11th century?
What was the significant event between the 7th and 11th centuries in India?
What was the significant event between the 7th and 11th centuries in India?
Which empire was founded by Central Asian Turks who were Indianized?
Which empire was founded by Central Asian Turks who were Indianized?
What was the significant impact of Indian mathematics on the Arab world?
What was the significant impact of Indian mathematics on the Arab world?
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Which kingdom emerged as a major power and lasted for over three centuries?
Which kingdom emerged as a major power and lasted for over three centuries?
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What marked the beginning of the early modern period in India?
What marked the beginning of the early modern period in India?
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What was the result of the invasions of Timur on the Delhi Sultanate?
What was the result of the invasions of Timur on the Delhi Sultanate?
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Which period is known as the Classical or Golden Age of India?
Which period is known as the Classical or Golden Age of India?
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When did anatomically modern humans first arrive on the Indian subcontinent?
When did anatomically modern humans first arrive on the Indian subcontinent?
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What was the approximate time period of the Indus Valley Civilisation?
What was the approximate time period of the Indus Valley Civilisation?
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What led to the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centres to villages?
What led to the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centres to villages?
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What was the social structure of the Vedic people during the Vedic Period?
What was the social structure of the Vedic people during the Vedic Period?
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What arose around 600 BCE in the Indian subcontinent?
What arose around 600 BCE in the Indian subcontinent?
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Who overthrew the Nanda Empire and established the Maurya Empire?
Who overthrew the Nanda Empire and established the Maurya Empire?
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What was the result of the assassination of the then-emperor Brihadratha by his general Pushyamitra Shunga?
What was the result of the assassination of the then-emperor Brihadratha by his general Pushyamitra Shunga?
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What was the result of the synthesis of Buddhism with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent?
What was the result of the synthesis of Buddhism with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent?
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Study Notes
Early Human Settlement
- Anatomically modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.
- The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago.
Indus Valley Civilisation
- Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE, leading to settled life by 4500 BCE.
- The Indus Valley Civilisation flourished between 2500 BCE and 1900 BCE in present-day Pakistan and north-western India.
Vedic Period
- The Vedic Period occurred from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, marked by the composition of hymns (Vedas).
- Social structure was loosely stratified via the varna system, incorporated into the present-day Jāti system.
Rise of New Cultures
- Around 600 BCE, a new, interregional culture arose, leading to the consolidation of small chieftaincies into larger states.
- Second urbanization took place, accompanied by the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including Jainism and Buddhism.
Maurya Empire
- Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nanda Empire and established the first great empire in ancient India around 320 BCE.
- Ashoka, widely recognised for his historical acceptance of Buddhism, attempted to spread nonviolence and peace across his empire.
Later Dynasties
- The Maurya Empire collapsed in 185 BCE, leading to the rise of the Shunga Empire, Indo-Greek Kingdom, and Gupta Empire.
- The Gupta Empire witnessed a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, known as the Classical or Golden Age of India.
Spread of Indian Culture
- Aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture, and religion spread to much of Asia, forming Greater India.
- Indianised kingdoms were established in the region during this period.
Medieval Period
- The Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by Central Asian Turks who were Indianized.
- Islamic conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Sindh, followed by the invasions of Mahmud Ghazni.
Later Empires
- The Mughal Empire conquered most of the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century, marking the beginning of the early modern period.
- Strong Hindu kingdoms, such as the Vijayanagara Empire and the Rajput states, emerged and played significant roles in shaping India's cultural and political landscape.
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Description
Learn about the early human settlements in South Asia, from the arrival of anatomically modern humans to the Indus Valley Civilisation and the Vedic Period.
