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Early Earth and the Origins of Life Quiz

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Early Earth and the Origins of Life Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What were the dominant gases in Earth's early atmosphere?

Oxygen, methane, and water vapor

Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen

Helium, oxygen, and nitrogen

Hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (correct)

How do methanogens produce energy?

$CO2 + 4H2 \rightarrow CH4 + 2H2O +$ energy (correct)

$H2O + 4CO2 \rightarrow CH4 + 2H2O +$ energy

$N2 + 3H2 \rightarrow NH3 + 2H2O +$ energy

$CH4 + 2O2 \rightarrow CO2 + 2H2O +$ energy

What determines the amount of isotopic fractionation?

The temperature and pressure of the environment

The concentration of isotopes present

The distance from the equator

The nature and strength of the process responsible for the sorting (correct)

What makes isotopes behave differently from one another?

Slightly different masses Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the δ13C value?

d13C = (\frac{^{13}C}{^{12}C}){sample} - (\frac{^{13}C}{^{12}C}){ref} Signup and view all the answers

What is the reference material for δ13C value?

Vienna Peedee belemnite (VPDB) Signup and view all the answers

During methanogenesis, archaea preferentially take up which isotope by up to 60 per mil?

^{12}C Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age of the fluid inclusions with δ13C value of -60 per mil?

3.46 Ga Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of nitrogen for most organisms?

Di-nitrogen (N2) Signup and view all the answers

What process fixes nitrogen primarily on land?

Weathering of rocks Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the process of fixing nitrogen from N2 to NH3?

N2 + 3H2 \rightarrow 2NH3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for fixing nitrogen?

Sun Signup and view all the answers

What event led to the rise of oxygen in the atmosphere?

Evolution of cyanobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What caused the fractionation of sulfur isotopes in the presence of O2?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

At what approximate time did O2 rise to appreciable levels?

2.4 Ga Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for early life in the Archean Eon?

Methanogenesis Signup and view all the answers