Early Dynastic to New Kingdom Egypt

It was founded during the Archaic Period and became the political and cultural center of Egypt

intellectual: advancements in art, pyramids built efficient tax collection, improved irrigation systems, hieroglyphics, and trade for raw materials

helped defeat the 10th dynasty and REUNIFIED Egypt to find the Middle Kingdom

the city of Thebes

The Hyksos invade and conquer Egypt

Semitic people from South Western Asia. They were "foreign rulers"

they used chariots and bronze tools. And they were horse riding nomads which means they probably introduced and brought horses to Egypt

Ba'al is "owner" or "lord" and it comes from the Hyksos

The ruler who restored Egypt again which led to The New Kingdom in Egypt

He drove the Hyksos from Egypt by using their horse drawn chariot technology

A king or ruler, and all of Egypt was considered "his house" (bc he ruled it)

From: The New Kingdom she became Pharaoh and wore a fake beard, and many hieroglyphics describe her as a male. Her son had her killed and then tried to destroy all records that she existed.

From: The New Kingdom -replaced Egyptian Gods with monotheism -originally called Amenhotep IV, but changed his name to honor his god ("living spirit of Aten")

King Tut: -son of Akhenaten -known as the "boy pharaoh" because he started ruling at age 9 died at 18 -tried to restore the old ways of Egypt after Akhenaten -Became famous after 1922 because of the discovery of his tomb

responsible for the deaths of almost two dozen people involved with the discovery of his tomb

-known as "Keeper of Harmony and Balance" -most powerful ruler of the New Kingdom -ruled for 67 yrs and died at 96

Where: located on the West Bank of the Nile, near Thebes Significance: Many tombs for the pharaohs are there

Located: near Thebes Significance: About 80 tombs are there for important queens of the pharaohs

Role: burial chambers for Pharaohs, and tallest buildings in the world until 19th century Came from: Early architecture from the Old Kingdom

-The key to understanding ancient hieroglyphics -discovered in 1799 by the Napoleon's army -now is with the British

-"Sacred Writings" -type: Demotic was the popular standard type of writing (everyday usage)

-produced Iron -sometimes had female rulers

Ancient Nubian religion

A theocrat is one who holds both religious and political power -was used during the old kingdom and each ruler was a theocrat

lion headed warrior god, originates with Nubians

The pschent

Menes

-Was created by the Nubians civilization prior to Egypt -thrived until 150 CE and then got pushed out by the Assyrians

The deshret

The hedjet

The Sahel is the semi-dry transitional region between the Sahara and the Savannas

-Predictable floods every year -sets the pattern for each agricultural year -Like a clock and it regulates the lives of Egyptians and Nubians