Early Computing Devices Quiz

Early Computing Devices

• Difference Engine/Analytical Engine: Designed by Charles Babbage, a British mathematician, to calculate mathematical tables and logarithms.
• Binary Algebra: Developed by George Boole, it forms the foundation for modern computers.
• Practical Logic Machine: Created by William Stanley.
• Reworked Difference Engine: Built by Martin Wiberg.
• AND Logic Gate: Invented by Walther Bothe, a fundamental component in digital circuits.
• Turning: Alan Turing, considered the "father of computer science," contributed significantly to the development of computing.
• Calculating Device: Konrad Zuse built a calculator for mathematical problems and the first programming language.
• Flip-Flop Circuit Design: Developed by Eccles-Jordan, essential for storing data in computer memory.
• ABC: Atanasoff designed a machine able to solve systems of linear equations.
• Mark 1: Constructed by Howard Aiken, a Harvard University professor. It was a first generation computer that utilized electrical switches and punched tape for instructions.
• Hollerith Machine: Invented by Herman Hollerith, this machine was used for data processing using punched cards and helped define the birth of data processing.

Apple Computers

• GS/OS: Operating system developed by Apple responsible for file system management, input/output control.
• Apple I: Featured an Intel 4004 microprocessor.
• Apple II: Utilized a Motorola microprocessor.

Fifth Generation of Computing

• Artificial Intelligence is the goal of the fifth generation of computing: It aims to create computers with human-like intelligence.
• The quest for artificial intelligence has been challenging: Progress towards creating genuinely intelligent machines has been slow.

ARPANET

• A precursor to the internet, ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was developed for research and communication by the US Department of Defense.

IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office)

• A branch of the US Department of Defense (DoD) that supported the initial development of ARPANET.

TCP/IP

• The protocols that underpin the internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol) enable communication between devices and applications.

Protocols

• A set of rules that define how data is transmitted and received over a network.

FLAG (Functionally Labelled Array Group)

• A type of data organization and transmission within networks.

NSFNET

• Funded by The National Science Foundation (NSF), NSFNET was a network that connected universities and research institutions. It played a major role in the development of the internet.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

• A communication protocol that enabled real-time chat over the internet.

Organizational Skills

• Skills essential for managing, structuring, and optimizing information and work tasks.

E-commerce

• Describes the use of internet technology solely for selling products or services to end customers.

E-business

• A broader concept involving the integration of internet technology into business processes including operations, management, customer relations, and supply chain activities.