Early British History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Who was possibly a British resistance leader during the late 5th to early 6th centuries?

  • King Arthur (correct)
  • King Alfred
  • Edwin of Northumbria
  • St Augustine

Which king was the first Anglo-Saxon ruler to convert to Christianity?

  • Oswald of Northumbria
  • Cynegisl of West Saxons
  • Edwin of Northumbria
  • Æthelbert of Kent (correct)

What significant event took place in 664 that affected Christianity in Britain?

  • Burial at Sutton Hoo
  • Conversion of Penda of Mercia
  • Foundation of the Monastery of Monkwearmouth
  • Establishment of the Synod of Whitby (correct)

Which written law is attributed to Æthelbert,king of Kent?

<p>The first known Old English writing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure was killed by Penda in 642?

<p>Oswald of Northumbria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Thomas Hoccleve's works, such as 'Letter of Cupid'?

<p>Royal patronage and governance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document established the inquisitions for Lollard heresy?

<p>Instructions for Parish Priests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary work is associated with Christine de Pisan?

<p>Cite des Dames (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the work 'Dives and Pauper'?

<p>A prose dialogue on biblical commandments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which work is critical of drama and represents Wycliffite thought?

<p>A Tretis of Miraclis Pleyinge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the book discussed?

<p>Literature from the United Kingdom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter treats sections ii and iii together, deviating from the standard pattern?

<p>Chapter 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of suggestions does the 'Reference' section provide?

<p>Structured and annotated suggestions for further reading (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the different types of emphasis from chapter to chapter?

<p>To reflect the varying characteristics of each historical period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section in the 'Reference' part is NOT included in all chapters?

<p>Critical analyses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been aimed for across the chapters in terms of style and structure?

<p>Standardisation with a sense of distinctiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter offers a broad introduction to postcolonial literature in English?

<p>Chapter 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the individual variations in how material is organized reflect?

<p>The historical context of the individual authors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms 'Dark Ages' and 'Middle Ages' refer to?

<p>The period between classical and Renaissance learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the view of ‘medievals’ about their own time?

<p>They believed they were more modern compared to the past. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genres was NOT mentioned as a dominant genre of medieval literature?

<p>Tragedy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the concept of 'literature' in the medieval period?

<p>It encompassed various forms of writing without clear division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in literature from the medieval period to modern times?

<p>The meaning of literature changed significantly across eras. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the inhabitants of England after the Germanic tribes immigrated?

<p>Anglo-Saxons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of medieval writing as discussed in the content?

<p>It recognized no distinction between literature and history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the medieval period start in terms of economic structure?

<p>Germanic tribal economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with the year 1945 in the document?

<p>Atomic bomb devastation in Nagasaki (B), Victory in Europe (VE) Day celebrations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notable writer's work was ruled not obscene in 1960 according to the document?

<p>D.H. Lawrence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Empire Windrush mentioned in the document?

<p>It brought Caribbean immigrants to England. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following images depicts the partition of Africa?

<p>Maps showing the partition of Africa in c. 1887 and in 1914 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the image of authors shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize displayed?

<p>2012 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event shows a celebration in England following WWII?

<p>Victory in Europe (VE) Day celebrations, 1945 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable publication is mentioned that was adapted from various historical texts?

<p>The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is depicted in the image referred to as 'Brighton Beach, 1966'?

<p>A family enjoying a day at the beach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which king was deposed by Swein Forkbeard in 1013-14?

<p>King Æthelræd (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in 1066 involving Harold II?

<p>Battle of Hastings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who composed the 'Sermo Lupi ad Anglos' in 1014?

<p>Wulfstan, Archbishop of York (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works was written by Ælfric around 998?

<p>Latin Grammar in OE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurred shortly after the completion of the Domesday land survey in 1086?

<p>Oath of Salisbury was enacted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of King Edmund Ironside's battle against Cnut in 1016?

<p>He was defeated and murdered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two sons of Cnut divided the kingdom between them in 1035-7?

<p>Harthacnut and Harold Harefoot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was King of Denmark before becoming king of England in 1018?

<p>Cnut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries (1939-2015)

The period between 1939 and 2015, encompassing major historical events like World War II, the Cold War, and the rise of globalization.

London Blitz

The coordinated bombing of London by Nazi Germany during World War II, inflicting heavy damage and civilian casualties.

Atomic Bomb Devastation in Nagasaki

The atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, by the United States during World War II, resulting in widespread destruction and death.

The British Empire in the 1930s

The British Empire in the 1930s, encompassing vast territories across the globe.

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Partition

The process of dividing a territory, often involving political and cultural tensions.

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Critical Readings

A section that emphasizes the significance of historical context, literary themes, and textual analysis in studying literature.

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Reference Section

A section in each chapter that provides readers with structured and annotated suggestions for further reading and research, as well as full references for all works cited in the main text.

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Focus on British Literature

The primary focus of the book is on literature from the United Kingdom, but authors acknowledge the need to consider influences and developments beyond that specific region.

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Individual Chapter Variations

Each chapter in the book presents a unique perspective and style, while maintaining a consistent overall structure.

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Standardisation vs. Individuality

The authors strive for a balanced approach, ensuring each chapter has a distinct personality without sacrificing a common thread.

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Chapter 8: Postcolonial Literature

Chapter 8, unlike other chapters, presents a broad introduction to postcolonial literature in English, exploring its diverse voices and experiences.

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Chapter 8: Divergence from Standard Pattern

The authors intentionally diverge from the standard pattern in Chapter 8, showcasing its unique nature and thematic focus.

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Critical Judgement in Historical Context

Authors have to exercise critical judgment when deciding the extent to which they should explore influences and developments outside the United Kingdom, considering the specific historical and literary context of their respective periods.

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The 'Dark Ages' and 'Middle Ages' - Origins

The ‘Dark Ages’ and ‘Middle Ages’ are terms used to describe the period between classical and Renaissance learning, coined by writers in the 17th century. They were applied retrospectively and with negativity.

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Medieval Self-Perception

Despite the terms 'Dark' and 'Middle Ages', medieval people saw themselves as modern, even more advanced than earlier times.

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Medieval 'Literature' Definition

The term 'literature' didn't exist until the 14th century, and the writings we now categorize as literature were considered together with religious, historical, legal, and medical texts.

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Medieval Period - Internal Diversity

The medieval period is complex, moving from tribal economies to feudalism, urban development, and the emergence of a central government.

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Medieval Literature - Unique Context

The medieval period is a historical epoch with its own unique culture and literature. It is wrong to force a modern understanding of literature onto it.

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Medieval Integration of History and Literature

Modern discipline divides history and literature, but medieval writing recognized these fields as interconnected. We must appreciate its distinct approach.

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Medieval Genres - Evolution

We need to understand how medieval literature's dominant genres like heroic poetry, romance, saint's lives, and mystery plays emerged and changed over time.

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Reading Medieval Literature - Historical Approach

Reading medieval literature well requires understanding its historical context, its unique genres, and its distinct understanding of literature as a whole.

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Gildas

A British historian who wrote "The Ruin of Britain", a source for Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", which provides insights into the early Anglo-Saxon period.

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Æthelbert

The first Anglo-Saxon ruler to convert to Christianity after the arrival of St. Augustine in Kent around 597.

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Edwin

Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria who converted to Christianity in 616.

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Penda

The pagan king of Mercia who resisted Christianity and fought against Christian rulers in the 7th century.

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Synod of Whitby

The Synod of Whitby, held in 664, decided that the Roman form of Christianity would be the dominant one in England. This was a crucial turning point in English history.

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Owain Glyndŵr's Rebellion

A 15th-century Welsh rebellion led by Owain Glyndŵr, aiming for independence from England.

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Thomas Hoccleve

A 14th-century English poet known for his works like 'Letter of Cupid' and 'Regiment of Princes,' and his lament written for Chaucer.

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Instructions for Parish Priests

A 15th-century religious treatise written by John Mirk, offering practical advice and guidance for parish priests.

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Castle of Perseverance

A 15th-century play, often performed outdoors, where the characters represent abstract virtues and vices.

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A Tretis of Miraclis Pleyinge

A 15th-century tract by a Wycliffite criticizing dramatic plays and their potential for promoting heresy.

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Danegeld

A tax imposed by the Anglo-Saxons on their Viking invaders to prevent them from attacking. Also known as "Danegeld."

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Swein Forkbeard

A renowned Danish king known for his aggression and successful raids into England, who deposed Æthelræd in 1013.

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King Edmund Ironside

The son of Æthelræd and Ælfgifu, known for his strength and bravery, he fought fiercely against Cnut but was ultimately defeated and murdered in 1016.

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King Cnut (Canute)

King of Denmark who conquered England in 1016, ruling until his death in 1035. He was known for uniting the country and establishing a strong monarchy.

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King Edward the Confessor

The son of Æthelræd II and Emma of Normandy, ascended the throne in 1042 and is remembered for his piety and devotion to religion.

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Harold II (Godwinson)

The last Anglo-Saxon king of England, he fought bravely against William of Normandy at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, but was defeated and killed.

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The Battle of Maldon

A famous Anglo-Saxon poem, it recounts the bravery of the English warriors who fought against the Vikings in the Battle of Maldon.

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Ælfric

A renowned Anglo-Saxon writer and archbishop, known for his influential works like the translation of the Old Testament and Latin Grammar in OE.

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Study Notes

Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries (1939-2015)

  • Images available: Images 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 are from Getty Images.
  • Themes: Blitz in London, atomic bomb devastation in Nagasaki, the Beatles receiving the MBE, Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher, VE Day celebrations, authors shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize, D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover, Harold Pinter, Tony Ray-Jones's "Brighton Beach," a woman reading while her baby sleeps, The Empire Windrush, and a poster for the film 1984.
  • Dates: Spanning 1939-2015. Specific dates included are the Nagasaki bombing (1945), the Beatles' MBE award, Blair/Thatcher moment (2005), VE Day (1945), Man Booker Prize (2012), Lady Chatterley's Lover ruling (1960), and Harold Pinter's image (1983).
  • Sources: Images sourced from Getty Images.

Postcolonial Literature in English

  • Time Period: Focus on British Empire in the 1930s and post-colonial literature.
  • Visual Sources: Includes maps of the British Empire (1930s adaptation), Government House, Calcutta (1805), and maps of the partition of Africa (c. 1887 and 1914), all part of the library's special collection.
  • Sources: Adapted from P.J. Marshall's The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, and Simon C. Smith's British Imperialism 1750–1970. The British Library for the image of Government Houses, Calcutta, 1805

Medieval English Literature (500-1500 CE)

  • Key Figures: Includes figures like St. Augustine, King Arthur, Æthelbert, Edwin, Penda, Cynegisl, Oswald, and Cnut all mentioned.
  • Events and Changes: Covers periods from Anglo-Saxon to Norman rule, including Viking invasions and the Norman Conquest. Key historical events like the Battle of Maldon, Battle of Hastings, the Domesday Book, and the first Crusade are referenced.
  • Literature and Genres: Details genres like heroic poetry, romance, saints' lives, and mystery plays, and related them to historical contexts of the different periods. Also covered were works like Cædmon's Hymn, Gesta Herewardi, The Castle of Perseverance, and others.
  • Key Dates: Major chronological points outlined like 597 (St. Augustine's arrival), c. 632 (Penda's reign), 1066 (Norman Conquest), 1086 (Domesday Book), which marked different phases of Medieval England.

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