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Questions and Answers
What is the name given to the quick-maturing rice that could allow for two harvests in one growing season?
What is the name given to the quick-maturing rice that could allow for two harvests in one growing season?
Champa Rice
What term describes the economic changes in which people in rural areas produced more goods than they could sell, particularly in East Asia?
What term describes the economic changes in which people in rural areas produced more goods than they could sell, particularly in East Asia?
Proto-industrialization
What is the term for a skilled craftsperson?
What is the term for a skilled craftsperson?
Artisan
In China, what was the name of the group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for civil service?
In China, what was the name of the group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for civil service?
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What is the Confucian virtue that emphasizes love and respect for one's parents and ancestors?
What is the Confucian virtue that emphasizes love and respect for one's parents and ancestors?
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What is the name of the 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway connecting the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers, begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire?
What is the name of the 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway connecting the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers, begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire?
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Which Chinese dynasty, lasting from 960 to 1279 AD, saw important inventions like the magnetic compass, a navy, and the development of paper money?
Which Chinese dynasty, lasting from 960 to 1279 AD, saw important inventions like the magnetic compass, a navy, and the development of paper money?
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What term describes the division of an empire into organized provinces to facilitate control?
What term describes the division of an empire into organized provinces to facilitate control?
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What is the term for a government or system where power is held by individuals selected based on their ability?
What is the term for a government or system where power is held by individuals selected based on their ability?
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What type of printing involved carving text onto a block of wood, inking it, and pressing it onto the page?
What type of printing involved carving text onto a block of wood, inking it, and pressing it onto the page?
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What is the name of the practice in Chinese society that involved mutilating women's feet to make them smaller, resulting in pain and restricted movement?
What is the name of the practice in Chinese society that involved mutilating women's feet to make them smaller, resulting in pain and restricted movement?
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What belief system originated in India around the 500s BC, emphasizing the removal of desires to achieve happiness and the overcoming of suffering?
What belief system originated in India around the 500s BC, emphasizing the removal of desires to achieve happiness and the overcoming of suffering?
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What branch of Buddhism, primarily practiced in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, is considered the oldest and most conservative?
What branch of Buddhism, primarily practiced in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, is considered the oldest and most conservative?
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What branch of Buddhism, prevalent in China, Japan, and Central Asia, is known as the 'Great Vehicle' and focuses on reverence for Buddha and Bodhisattvas?
What branch of Buddhism, prevalent in China, Japan, and Central Asia, is known as the 'Great Vehicle' and focuses on reverence for Buddha and Bodhisattvas?
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What is the term for a Buddhist tradition, prevalent in Tibet, that incorporates elements from India and pre-existing shamanism, and teaches the possibility of achieving nirvana in a single lifetime?
What is the term for a Buddhist tradition, prevalent in Tibet, that incorporates elements from India and pre-existing shamanism, and teaches the possibility of achieving nirvana in a single lifetime?
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What term describes the combining of multiple religious traditions?
What term describes the combining of multiple religious traditions?
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What school of Buddhism, known as Zen in Japan, emphasizes meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty?
What school of Buddhism, known as Zen in Japan, emphasizes meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty?
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What was the name for the mixture of traditional Confucian and Buddhist beliefs in post-classical China?
What was the name for the mixture of traditional Confucian and Buddhist beliefs in post-classical China?
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What was the era in Japanese history, from A.D. 794-1185, characterized by flourishing arts and writing?
What was the era in Japanese history, from A.D. 794-1185, characterized by flourishing arts and writing?
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What term refers to a couple and their dependent children, considered a basic social unit?
What term refers to a couple and their dependent children, considered a basic social unit?
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What is the term for a form of marriage where a man can have more than one wife?
What is the term for a form of marriage where a man can have more than one wife?
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What was the name of the political unit that ruled Egypt from 1250-1517, famous for defeating the Mongols but lacking a consistent hereditary line of succession?
What was the name of the political unit that ruled Egypt from 1250-1517, famous for defeating the Mongols but lacking a consistent hereditary line of succession?
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What group of nomadic invaders from Central Asia who entered Persia and ruled in the name of the Abbasid caliphs from the mid-11th century, known for being staunch Sunnis?
What group of nomadic invaders from Central Asia who entered Persia and ruled in the name of the Abbasid caliphs from the mid-11th century, known for being staunch Sunnis?
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What is the title for a military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country?
What is the title for a military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country?
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What was the name for the caliphate that succeeded the Umayyads, focusing on administration and conquering, and considered a 'Golden Age' of Islam?
What was the name for the caliphate that succeeded the Umayyads, focusing on administration and conquering, and considered a 'Golden Age' of Islam?
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What group of people from Central Asia, when united, formed the largest contiguous empire in history?
What group of people from Central Asia, when united, formed the largest contiguous empire in history?
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What series of military expeditions by Western European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries were aimed at reclaiming control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims?
What series of military expeditions by Western European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries were aimed at reclaiming control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims?
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Who are Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals?
Who are Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals?
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What was the name of the large Islamic-based library and learning center in Baghdad, known for its collection of Greek, Roman, and Indian knowledge, which was translated into Arabic?
What was the name of the large Islamic-based library and learning center in Baghdad, known for its collection of Greek, Roman, and Indian knowledge, which was translated into Arabic?
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What was the name of the Persian mathematician and cosmologist, who lived from 1201-1274, whose academy near Tabriz provided a model for planetary movement that influenced Copernicus?
What was the name of the Persian mathematician and cosmologist, who lived from 1201-1274, whose academy near Tabriz provided a model for planetary movement that influenced Copernicus?
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What is the name of the most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century, known for her long poem honoring Muhammad, 'Clear Inspiration, on Praise of the Trusted One'?
What is the name of the most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century, known for her long poem honoring Muhammad, 'Clear Inspiration, on Praise of the Trusted One'?
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What was the name of the trade-based kingdom in southern India, flourishing from 1336-1565, that later fell to the Mughals?
What was the name of the trade-based kingdom in southern India, flourishing from 1336-1565, that later fell to the Mughals?
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What were the names of the hundreds of kingdoms in India that emerged after the fall of the Gupta dynasty, ruled by landowning Kshatriyas, known for their wealth from trade and a strong economy?
What were the names of the hundreds of kingdoms in India that emerged after the fall of the Gupta dynasty, ruled by landowning Kshatriyas, known for their wealth from trade and a strong economy?
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What was the name of the empire that succeeded Mahmud of Ghazni, ruling from 1206-1526 CE, known for its centralized control over much of India?
What was the name of the empire that succeeded Mahmud of Ghazni, ruling from 1206-1526 CE, known for its centralized control over much of India?
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What was the name of the powerful empire, flourishing from the 600s to 1200s, that controlled the Strait of Malacca, impacting Chinese trade in the Indian Ocean?
What was the name of the powerful empire, flourishing from the 600s to 1200s, that controlled the Strait of Malacca, impacting Chinese trade in the Indian Ocean?
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What term describes the act of converting someone to a faith, belief, or cause?
What term describes the act of converting someone to a faith, belief, or cause?
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What was the name of the popular movement in Hinduism advocating intense devotion towards a particular deity?
What was the name of the popular movement in Hinduism advocating intense devotion towards a particular deity?
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What is the name of the Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi, written in Arabic characters, that has been used as a literary language since the 1300s?
What is the name of the Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi, written in Arabic characters, that has been used as a literary language since the 1300s?
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What was the name of the last of the mound-building cultures in North America, flourishing between 800 and 1300 C.E., known for its large towns and ceremonial centers?
What was the name of the last of the mound-building cultures in North America, flourishing between 800 and 1300 C.E., known for its large towns and ceremonial centers?
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What term refers to a social system where family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother?
What term refers to a social system where family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother?
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What was the name of the Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans?
What was the name of the Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans?
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What term describes the classical culture in Southern Mexico and Central America, known for its monumental architecture, written language, and sophisticated calendar systems?
What term describes the classical culture in Southern Mexico and Central America, known for its monumental architecture, written language, and sophisticated calendar systems?
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What was the name of the powerful empire, known as the Mexica, that emerged in central Mexico between 1325-1521 C.E., known for their human sacrifice practices?
What was the name of the powerful empire, known as the Mexica, that emerged in central Mexico between 1325-1521 C.E., known for their human sacrifice practices?
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What is the term for a system of government where priests rule in the name of a god?
What is the term for a system of government where priests rule in the name of a god?
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What was the practice common among the Aztecs, and to a lesser extent the Maya, involved killing humans for religious purposes?
What was the practice common among the Aztecs, and to a lesser extent the Maya, involved killing humans for religious purposes?
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Who was the ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471, known for launching military campaigns that expanded the Inca Empire?
Who was the ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471, known for launching military campaigns that expanded the Inca Empire?
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What was the name of the influential empire that emerged in present-day Peru, stretching as far south as Chile and as far north as Ecuador, known for its wealth and extensive road system?
What was the name of the influential empire that emerged in present-day Peru, stretching as far south as Chile and as far north as Ecuador, known for its wealth and extensive road system?
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What was the name for the massive roadway system spanning 25,000 miles, constructed by the Incas using captive labor?
What was the name for the massive roadway system spanning 25,000 miles, constructed by the Incas using captive labor?
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What was the name of the Inca religious center in Cuzco, dedicated to the Sun God, where mummies of past Incas were kept?
What was the name of the Inca religious center in Cuzco, dedicated to the Sun God, where mummies of past Incas were kept?
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What term describes the belief that objects, plants, stones, or natural events have a distinct spirit and conscious life?
What term describes the belief that objects, plants, stones, or natural events have a distinct spirit and conscious life?
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What is the term for a relationship between two or more people based on common ancestry or marriage?
What is the term for a relationship between two or more people based on common ancestry or marriage?
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What Bantu language, incorporating Arabic words, is spoken along the East African coast?
What Bantu language, incorporating Arabic words, is spoken along the East African coast?
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What was the name of the series of revolts by slaves working on sugar plantations in Mesopotamia, led by Ali bin Muhammad?
What was the name of the series of revolts by slaves working on sugar plantations in Mesopotamia, led by Ali bin Muhammad?
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What was the name of the trade route across the Sahara Desert, known for its gold and salt trade, and the use of camels for transportation?
What was the name of the trade route across the Sahara Desert, known for its gold and salt trade, and the use of camels for transportation?
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What was the name of the world's richest maritime trading network, essential for the prosperity of East Africa, connecting various parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East?
What was the name of the world's richest maritime trading network, essential for the prosperity of East Africa, connecting various parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East?
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What was the name for the slave trade that transported people from East Africa to the Middle East and India, characterized by similar conditions to the Atlantic Slave Trade, and contributing to cultural diffusion?
What was the name for the slave trade that transported people from East Africa to the Middle East and India, characterized by similar conditions to the Atlantic Slave Trade, and contributing to cultural diffusion?
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What was the name of the powerful state in the African interior, flourishing between 1250 and 1350 C.E., known for its trade in gold to the East African coast and its distinctive stone architecture?
What was the name of the powerful state in the African interior, flourishing between 1250 and 1350 C.E., known for its trade in gold to the East African coast and its distinctive stone architecture?
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What were the names of the states formed in northern Nigeria, following the demise of the Songhay Empire, characterized by their blend of Muslim and pagan traditions?
What were the names of the states formed in northern Nigeria, following the demise of the Songhay Empire, characterized by their blend of Muslim and pagan traditions?
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What was the name of the West African empire, flourishing from the 700s to 1076, known for its control of the gold-salt trade?
What was the name of the West African empire, flourishing from the 700s to 1076, known for its control of the gold-salt trade?
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What was the name of the powerful empire of Western Africa that flourished from 1235-1400, known for its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, and its strong gold-salt trade?
What was the name of the powerful empire of Western Africa that flourished from 1235-1400, known for its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, and its strong gold-salt trade?
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What is the name of the Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela, preserving Christianity amidst the expansion of Islam in the region?
What is the name of the Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela, preserving Christianity amidst the expansion of Islam in the region?
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What was the name of the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215, marking the beginning of the concept of 'no taxation without representation'?
What was the name of the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215, marking the beginning of the concept of 'no taxation without representation'?
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What is the name of the English national assembly, firmly established by the 14th century, that gained power at the expense of the king, composed of the House of Lords (titled nobility) and the House of Commons (gentry and middle classes)?
What is the name of the English national assembly, firmly established by the 14th century, that gained power at the expense of the king, composed of the House of Lords (titled nobility) and the House of Commons (gentry and middle classes)?
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What was the name of the large farm estates typical of the Middle Ages, owned by nobles who ruled over peasants living in the land)
What was the name of the large farm estates typical of the Middle Ages, owned by nobles who ruled over peasants living in the land)
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What was the name of the economic system in the Middle Ages built around large estates called manors, where peasants provided labor and services in exchange for protection and land use?
What was the name of the economic system in the Middle Ages built around large estates called manors, where peasants provided labor and services in exchange for protection and land use?
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What was the name of the system of farming developed in medieval Europe, where farmland was divided into three fields, successively planted with a winter crop, a spring crop, and left fallow?
What was the name of the system of farming developed in medieval Europe, where farmland was divided into three fields, successively planted with a winter crop, a spring crop, and left fallow?
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What was the name of the political system in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for protection, involving a hierarchy of kings, lords, vassals, knights, and serfs?
What was the name of the political system in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for protection, involving a hierarchy of kings, lords, vassals, knights, and serfs?
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What was the term for people who gave their land to a lord and offered their servitude in return for protection?
What was the term for people who gave their land to a lord and offered their servitude in return for protection?
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What is the term for the right of inheritance belonging exclusively to the eldest son?
What is the term for the right of inheritance belonging exclusively to the eldest son?
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What term describes a member of the middle class who lived in a city or town during the Middle Ages?
What term describes a member of the middle class who lived in a city or town during the Middle Ages?
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What was the name of France's traditional national assembly, composed of representatives from the clergy, nobility, and commoners, and known as the three 'estates' of French society?
What was the name of France's traditional national assembly, composed of representatives from the clergy, nobility, and commoners, and known as the three 'estates' of French society?
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Who was the ruler crowned emperor by the pope in 962 CE, becoming the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and known for his close ties with the Catholic Church?
Who was the ruler crowned emperor by the pope in 962 CE, becoming the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and known for his close ties with the Catholic Church?
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Who was the Venetian merchant and traveler whose accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans firsthand knowledge of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade?
Who was the Venetian merchant and traveler whose accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans firsthand knowledge of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade?
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What was the name of the period, beginning in Italy during the 15th century, characterized by a 're-birth' of Greco-Roman culture, with significant changes in art, politics, and economics?
What was the name of the period, beginning in Italy during the 15th century, characterized by a 're-birth' of Greco-Roman culture, with significant changes in art, politics, and economics?
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What was the name of the intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of classical texts and human potential and achievements?
What was the name of the intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of classical texts and human potential and achievements?
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What was the name of the disagreement between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over who should appoint church officials, challenging the power of the Papacy?
What was the name of the disagreement between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over who should appoint church officials, challenging the power of the Papacy?
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What was the name of the separation between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, marking a significant division in Christianity?
What was the name of the separation between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, marking a significant division in Christianity?
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What term refers to hostility or prejudice against Jews?
What term refers to hostility or prejudice against Jews?
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What was the name of the temporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries, characterized by temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, which caused famines and social disruption?
What was the name of the temporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries, characterized by temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, which caused famines and social disruption?
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What was the name of the Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north?
What was the name of the Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north?
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What is the term for a steering device, typically a vertical blade attached to a post near the stern of a boat, used for guiding a vessel?
What is the term for a steering device, typically a vertical blade attached to a post near the stern of a boat, used for guiding a vessel?
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What was the name of the very large, flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specifically designed for long-distance commercial travel?
What was the name of the very large, flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specifically designed for long-distance commercial travel?
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What was a central trading point where the Eastern and Western Silk Roads met?
What was a central trading point where the Eastern and Western Silk Roads met?
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What was the name of the wealthy trading center, known for its decorated mosques and tombs, that became the most influential capital during the rule of Timur Lane?
What was the name of the wealthy trading center, known for its decorated mosques and tombs, that became the most influential capital during the rule of Timur Lane?
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What were the rest stops along the Silk Roads where merchants could exchange ideas and goods under the protection of the Mongols?
What were the rest stops along the Silk Roads where merchants could exchange ideas and goods under the protection of the Mongols?
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What was the name of the paper currency of the Tang dynasty in China, considered the first banknote?
What was the name of the paper currency of the Tang dynasty in China, considered the first banknote?
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What European banks developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade, offering services like bills of exchange, credit, and bank drafts?
What European banks developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade, offering services like bills of exchange, credit, and bank drafts?
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What was the name of the organization of North German and Scandinavian cities that formed a commercial alliance to control trade in the Baltic and North Seas?
What was the name of the organization of North German and Scandinavian cities that formed a commercial alliance to control trade in the Baltic and North Seas?
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What was the name of the legal currency issued on paper, developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins?
What was the name of the legal currency issued on paper, developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins?
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What was the title given to Mongol leaders, meaning 'supreme ruler'?
What was the title given to Mongol leaders, meaning 'supreme ruler'?
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What was the name of the meeting of all Mongol chieftains where the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected?
What was the name of the meeting of all Mongol chieftains where the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected?
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Who was the founder and supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, known for his military genius and for creating the largest contiguous empire in history?
Who was the founder and supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, known for his military genius and for creating the largest contiguous empire in history?
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What were the four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan?
What were the four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan?
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What was the name for the period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange?
What was the name for the period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange?
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Who was the Mongol leader, grandson of Genghis Khan, who led the invasion of Russia, destroying Kiev and establishing the Golden Horde?
Who was the Mongol leader, grandson of Genghis Khan, who led the invasion of Russia, destroying Kiev and establishing the Golden Horde?
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What was the name of the Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson, based in southern Russia, which adopted the Turkic language and Islam, also known as the Kipchak Horde?
What was the name of the Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson, based in southern Russia, which adopted the Turkic language and Islam, also known as the Kipchak Horde?
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What was the name of the city that submitted to the Mongols after Kiev was destroyed, eventually becoming the de facto capital of Russia?
What was the name of the city that submitted to the Mongols after Kiev was destroyed, eventually becoming the de facto capital of Russia?
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Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan who became the first il-khan of Persia, expanding the Mongol Empire further into the Middle East?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan who became the first il-khan of Persia, expanding the Mongol Empire further into the Middle East?
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What was the name of the Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) and the Middle East, established by Hulegu Khan?
What was the name of the Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) and the Middle East, established by Hulegu Khan?
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Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan who founded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China and ruled from 1215-1294?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan who founded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China and ruled from 1215-1294?
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Study Notes
Early Asian History
- Champa Rice: Quick-maturing rice, allowing two harvests per year; sent as tribute to China.
- Proto-industrialization: Rural East Asian economic changes, focusing on production exceeding local sales.
- Artisan: Skilled craftsperson.
- Scholar-gentry: Chinese landowning class, dominant in civil service examinations.
- Filial Piety: Confucian virtue emphasizing respect for parents and ancestors.
- Grand Canal: 1,100-mile waterway connecting Yellow and Yangzi rivers, built during the Sui Dynasty.
- Song Dynasty (960-1279): Saw significant advancements in technology (magnetic compass, navy, printing), trade (India, Persia), and the arts (landscape paintings). Notable for paper money and gunpowder.
- Imperial Bureaucracy: Organized empire provinces for improved control.
- Meritocracy: Government based on ability and merit, used for selecting officials.
- Woodblock Printing: Printing method using carved wooden blocks coated with ink.
East Asian Religions & Philosophies
- Buddhism: Indian religion focused on eliminating desire to achieve enlightenment. Originated in 500s BCE.
- Theravada Buddhism: Oldest branch, practiced in Southeast Asia, conservative.
- Mahayana Buddhism: "Great Vehicle," prevalent in East Asia. Rejects the original focus and emphasizes devotion to Buddha and Bodhisattvas.
- Tibetan Buddhism: Incorporates practices from Indian teachings and pre-existing practices. Focuses on spiritual energy control.
- Syncretic: Combining multiple religious traditions.
- Chan Buddhism (Zen): Japanese branch, emphasizing meditation and natural beauty. Popular in elite Chinese society.
- Neoconfucianism: Blend of Confucian and Buddhist beliefs in post-classical China.
East Asian Cultures
- Foot Binding: Chinese practice of mutilating women's feet, restricting movement and social life.
- Heian Period (794-1185): Japanese era of artistic and literary flourishing.
- Nuclear Family: Couple and their dependent children.
- Polygyny: Form of marriage where men have multiple wives.
- Song Dynasty: Flourishing of a Chinese empire
- Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517) : Egyptian political unit that defeated the Mongols; failed to establish a consistent dynasty which affected them greatly.
- Seljuk Turks: Nomadic invaders from Central Asia who controlled Persia and parts of the Abbasid Caliphate from the mid-11th century onwards. Predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Islamic World History
- Sultan: Muslim political and military leader with absolute authority.
- Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258): Islamic caliphate distinguished by its administration over the Islamic empire rather than military expansion.
- Mongols: Central Asian people creating the largest contiguous empire in history. Their tactics included psychological warfare and employing foreign weapons.
- Sufis: Muslim mystics practicing religious practices in pursuit of communion with God.
- House of Wisdom in Baghdad: Islamic library and academic center that converted Greek and Roman knowledge to Arabic.
- Nasir al-Din Tusi: Persian mathematician and cosmologist inspiring Copernican models.
- Aishah al-Ba'uniyyah: A prolific female Muslim writer, known for a long poem about Muhammad.
- Crusades: European Christian military expeditions to reclaim the Holy Land.
South Asian History
- Vijayanagar Kingdom (1336-1565): Southern Indian trade-based kingdom.
- Rajput Kingdoms: Numerous kingdoms in India, following the fall of the Gupta Dynasty. Characterized by trade and wealth, also seeing the rise of the practices of sati and purdah.
- Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526): Empire following the campaigns of Mahmud of Ghazni.
- Srivijaya Empire: Southeast Asian empire (600s - 1200s) controlling trade routes, particularly the Strait of Malacca.
- Proselytize: To convert others to a belief or faith.
- Bhakti Movement: Popular Hindu movement of intense devotion.
- Urdu: Persian-influenced language written in Arabic scripts that flourished since the 1300s.
North American Cultures
- Mississippian Culture (800-1300 CE): Mound-building culture with significant towns and ceremonial centers in North America.
- Matrilineal: Social system tracing descent and inheritance through the mother.
- Cahokia: Large Mississippian settlement located near East St. Louis.
- Maya City-states: Mesoamerican culture known for monumental buildings, writing systems, calendrical and mathematical advancements.
- Aztecs (Mexica): Central Mexican empire (1325-1521). Known for utilizing conquered peoples as tribute providers.
- Theocracy: Government ruled by priests in the name of a deity.
- Human Sacrifice: Ritualistic killing of humans for religious purposes, practiced in Aztec and (partially) Mayan cultures.
- Pachacuti (1438-1471): Inca ruler initiating military conquests that expanded imperial control in Peru and beyond.
- Incan Empire: Large empire primarily in present day Peru, known for wealth and massive road systems (Carpa Nan)
- Temple of the Sun: Inca religious center and notable for mummies of past Incas.
African History
- Animism: Belief that objects have spirits and individual consciousness.
- Kin-based networks: Relationships based on ancestry or marriage.
- Swahili: Bantu language with Arabic influences spoken along the East African coast.
- Zanj Rebellion: Revolts of enslaved people in Mesopotamia.
- Trans-Saharan Trade: Trade route across the Sahara desert.
- Indian Ocean Slave Trade: Trade of enslaved people throughout the Indian Ocean region.
- Great Zimbabwe: Well-established state in southern Africa (1250-1350) with significant trade in gold and East Africa.
- Hausa states: Northern Nigerian states emerging after the fall of the Songhai empire; combining Muslim and pagan traditions.
- Kingdom of Ghana (700s-1076): West African empire based on controlling the gold-salt trade.
- Mali Empire (1235-1400): Strong West African empire with major trade cities like Timbuktu and Gao. Ruled by Sundiata and Mansa Musa.
- Ethiopia: Christian kingdom in East Africa that resisted the spread of Islam.
European History
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Magna Carta (1215): English charter limiting royal power and establishing certain rights.
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English Parliament: Gained significant power in 14th century, composed of House of Lords and House of Commons.
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Manors: Large estates in medieval Europe with associated peasant populations.
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Manorial System: Medieval European economic system organized around manors.
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Three-field system: Farming system developed in medieval Europe that rotated crops to maintain soil fertility.
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Feudalism in Europe: Political system involving land exchange for protection; king, lords, vassals, knights, serfs.
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Serfs: Peasants tied to the land and providing labor to their lord in exchange for protection.
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Primogeniture: Inheritance law favoring the eldest son.
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Burghers: Members of the middle class in medieval cities.
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Estates General: France's representative assembly.
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Otto I: Founder of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Marco Polo: Venetian merchant whose travels to China greatly influenced European perceptions of the East.
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Renaissance: 15th century Italian period of cultural rebirth.
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Humanism: Renaissance intellectual movement emphasizing human potential.
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Lay Investiture Controversy: Dispute between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over the appointment of church officials.
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Great Schism of 1054: Split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
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Antisemitism: Hostility or prejudice directed towards Jewish people.
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Little Ice Age: Cooling period that affected Europe from 14th to 19th centuries.
Mongol Empire
- Magnetic Compass: Chinese invention aiding navigation.
- Rudder: Steering device for boats.
- Chinese Junk: Large sailing ship for long-distance trade.
- Kashgar: Central Asian trading city.
- Samarkand: Wealthy trading center, important under Timur Lane.
- Caravanerais: Rest stops along trade routes.
- Flying Cash: Early paper currency in China.
- Banking Houses: Developed in Europe to support trade.
- Hanseatic League: Commercial alliance of Northern European cities.
- Paper Money: Legal currency made of paper.
- Khan: Mongol title, "supreme ruler".
- Kuriltai: Mongol assembly to elect supreme leaders.
- Genghis (Chinggis) Khan: Mongol founder, establishing the largest contiguous empire.
- Khanates: Four Mongol kingdoms after Genghis Khan's death.
- Pax Mongolica: Period of peace and stability during Mongol rule.
- Batu Khan: Mongol leader who conquered parts of Eastern Europe.
- Golden Horde: Mongol khanate in Russia.
- Moscow: Important Russian city that emerged under Mongol rule.
- Hulegu Khan: Mongol leader establishing the Il-Khanate.
- Il-Khanate: Mongol empire ruling Persia and the Middle East.
- Kublai Khan: Grandson of Genghis Khan, founder of Yuan Dynasty in China. This was the beginning of the Mongol rule in China.
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Description
Test your knowledge on significant concepts and developments in early Asian history, including the influence of Champa rice, the structure of the Song Dynasty, and important cultural virtues like filial piety. This quiz will cover various aspects of economic, political, and social changes during this pivotal era.
