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Questions and Answers
What factor made farming difficult in the northeastern New England colonies?
Which group primarily supplied the labor force for agriculture in the South?
What industry flourished in Massachusetts due to maritime resources?
What was a significant factor in the population growth of the American colonies by 1690?
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Which of the following was NOT a source of immigration to America in the 17th century?
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Which resource primarily encouraged shipbuilding in New England?
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What was a consequence of the compactness of New England settlements?
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What replaced England as the chief source of immigration after 1680?
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What did the land bridge Beringia connect?
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What was the environment of Beringia like at its peak?
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What principal animal source did early North Americans rely on after the mammoth became extinct?
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Which of the following locations is associated with early human artifacts around 12,000 B.C.?
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What role did James Madison have in relation to the Constitution?
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How long did it take for the first North Americans to move south into what is now the United States?
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Which document is considered a classic defense of republican government?
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What type of sites were developed around 600 B.C. by early North Americans?
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What would have primarily motivated the early humans to cross into North America?
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Which event marked the end of the American Revolutionary War?
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What form did some burial mounds take, likely serving religious purposes?
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Who was the author of the Declaration of Independence?
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Which notable house did Thomas Jefferson design and build?
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Who led the American and French forces that commanded the surrender of the British army at Yorktown?
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What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
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What position did Alexander Hamilton hold in George Washington's administration?
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What significant event did Francis Drake achieve that influenced interest in the New World?
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Which explorer made the first documented landing on North Carolina's coast?
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What was the outcome of Walter Raleigh's attempts to establish a colony on Roanoke Island?
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Who took over the mission after Jacques Cartier was lost at sea?
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Which groups were part of the population along the Hudson River by 1646?
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In what year was the first successful British colony established at Jamestown?
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What was the result of the Spanish destruction of the French Huguenot colony in Florida?
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What role did the Dutch continue to play in the New York region after the fall of New Netherland?
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What was the main aim of the expeditions led by Jacques Cartier?
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What types of crops did North and South Carolina produce besides tobacco?
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Which of the following years saw the establishment of the first British colony in North America?
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What characterized the population structure in the Southern colonies by the late 17th century?
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Who primarily held political power in Virginia and Maryland's Tidewater region?
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What was a significant trend observed in the backcountry population growth during the colonial period?
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What architectural influence did the Dutch leave in Manhattan?
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Which colony was noted as the leading port and trading center by 1750 in the Southern colonies?
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Study Notes
Early America
- The first Americans came across a land bridge called Beringia, which existed between Asia and North America during the Ice Age.
- Evidence exists suggesting that early humans had populated much of the Western Hemisphere by 10,000 B.C.
- Around 10,000 B.C., the mammoth population declined, and bison became a primary source of food and resources for early North Americans.
- The Spanish explorer, Pedro Menéndez, destroyed a French Huguenot settlement in Florida in 1565, seeing them as competition for trade routes.
- In 1585, Walter Raleigh established the first British colony in North America on Roanoke Island, but it was later abandoned.
- Jamestown, founded in 1607, became the first successful British colony in North America.
Early Settlements
- The 17th century saw significant immigration from Europe to North America, with English settlers dominating, but also Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, and slaves from Africa.
- New England colonies faced challenges with their thin, stony soil and long winters, which led them to develop industries like shipbuilding, fishing, and trade.
- The middle colonies had a more diverse population, with settlers from various European countries, and a thriving commercial atmosphere.
- The southern colonies heavily relied on agriculture and slave labor, with wealthy planters holding most political power.
- The backcountry of the southern colonies attracted German and Scots-Irish immigrants seeking fertile land and escaping English influence.
Significant Figures
- John Smith: Founder of Jamestown
- Humphrey Gilbert: Author of a treatise on the Northwest Passage and received a patent from Queen Elizabeth to colonize the New World.
- Walter Raleigh: Gilbert's half-brother, who established Roanoke Island.
- Benjamin Franklin: A polymath who embodied practicality and optimism associated with America. He was a scientist, inventor, writer, publisher, city planner, diplomat, and signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
- James Madison: The fourth President of the U.S., often called the "Father of the Constitution." He wrote extensively on the principles of republican government.
- Thomas Jefferson: Author of the Declaration of Independence, third President of the U.S., founder of the University of Virginia, and builder of Monticello.
- Meriwether Lewis and William Clark: Led a four-year expedition through the uncharted West under Jefferson's direction.
- Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury under President Washington.
The American Revolution
- The American Revolution began with skirmishes at Lexington and Concord in 1775.
- The battle of Yorktown in 1781, which resulted in the surrender of British forces, marked the end of the Revolutionary War.
- The Treaty of Paris in 1783 recognized American independence.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the early history of America, including the arrival of the first humans, the impact of European exploration, and the establishment of early colonies. This quiz covers significant events from the Ice Age to the 17th century, focusing on immigration and settlement patterns.
