Ear Infections and Hearing

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What is the primary function of the Eustachian tube?

To maintain/balance the pressure inside the ear (correct)

To drain excess earwax

To regulate hearing

To connect the inner ear to the brain

Why are children more prone to Eustachian tube dysfunction?

Because of their smaller ear size

Due to their shorter and flatter Eustachian tube (correct)

Due to their less developed inner ear structure

Because of their poor immune system

What is a common cause of congestion that can lead to Eustachian tube dysfunction?

Allergies causing excessive earwax production

Viral infections causing local inflammation (correct)

Tumors in the inner ear

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) caused by bacteria

What can help alleviate Eustachian tube dysfunction?

Weight loss to open up the ear canal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can diminish the Eustachian tube's function?

Reflux/acid in the ear (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula lutea?

Protecting the cone cells of the fovea from potentially damaging short wavelengths of light (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dilator and sphincter muscles in the iris?

Controlling the amount of light entering the eye (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the choroid?

Preventing light from entering the eye except through the pupil (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rods in the retina?

Nighttime vision, very sensitive to light (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the optic chiasm?

To generate binocular and stereoscopic vision (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the optic nerve being severed?

It cannot grow back (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antihistamines on blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tympanic membrane if there is more positive pressure on the outside?

It will be pushed in (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat and helps to regulate air pressure in the ear?

Eustachian tube (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what category of medication is Oxymetazoline classified?

Category B (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment for chronic rhinitis?

Nasal corticosteroids (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why might antibiotics still be prescribed for otitis media despite the AMA's advice against their use?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Strep pyogenes that distinguishes it from the other three bacteria?

It is necrotizing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why pacifier sucking can lead to ear infections?

It pushes air up into the ear, which can cause an ear infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for someone with an allergy to amoxicillin?

Cefdinir (Omnicef) or azithromycin (Zithromax) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the scarring that can occur from tubes being placed in the ear?

Tympanosclerosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of acute otitis media cases spontaneously resolve?

Half or more (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of otitis media with effusion?

It is characterized by fluid behind the eardrum without redness and swelling (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic should not be given to children due to the risk of tendon rupture?

Ciprofloxacin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of conductive hearing loss in chronic otitis media?

Bone conduction is greater than air conduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

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