EAA Chapter 1 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the schools of argument?

Invitational (correct)

Obvious (correct)

Rogerian (correct)

Academic (correct)

What does 'obvious' mean in the context of argument?

Makes a direct claim based on or drawn from evidence; moves readers to recognize problems and consider solutions.

What does 'invitational' argument aim for?

Aims not to defeat, but to invite others to enter a space of mutual regard and expression.

Describe the Rogerian approach to argument.

Approaching audiences from non-threatening ways and finding common ground and establishing trust among those who disagree about issues. Signup and view all the answers

What are the standards of an academic argument?

Held to the standards of a professional field or discipline; an honest case based on the best information and research available. Signup and view all the answers

What are some purposes of argument?

Convince Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to 'inform' in an argument?

To tell members of an audience something they didn't know. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'convince' in the context of argument?

Present evidence to hook readers and prove; argue against the opposing side. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'persuade' in argumentation?

Motivate action, produce change, and win a point by using dramatic language. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to 'explore' in an argument?

To assert that a problem exists that needs to be solved. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'make decisions' imply in argumentation?

To result in good, sound decisions by weighing pros and cons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'meditate or pray' in the context of argument?

Transforming to reach a state of equilibrium of peace of mind. Signup and view all the answers

What are the occasions for argument?

Deliberative Signup and view all the answers

What is a forensic argument focused on?

The past; relies on evidence and testimony to recreate what has already happened. Signup and view all the answers

What does deliberative argument pertain to?

The future; focuses on establishing policies for the future. Signup and view all the answers

Define epideictic / ceremonial argument.

Present; contemporary values, beliefs, and assumptions widely held or debated within a society. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of argument?

Definition Signup and view all the answers

Explain what a fact-based argument entails.

Involves a statement that can be proved or disproved with specific evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What does a definition argument seek to clarify?

Determining whether one known object or action belongs in a second category. Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of a proposal argument?

What actions should be taken by proving there is a problem and offering solutions. Signup and view all the answers

Describe an evaluation argument.

Focus on the quality of the subject. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Schools of Argument

Different types include obvious, invitational, Rogerian, and academic.

Obvious Argument

Makes direct claims based on evidence.
Encourages readers to recognize problems and consider solutions.

Invitational Argument

Focuses on inviting others into a mutual space for discussion, rather than defeating opposing views.

Rogerian Argument

A non-threatening approach that seeks common ground and trust.
Aims for win/win solutions and understanding differing perspectives.

Academic Argument

Adheres to professional standards and is based on rigorous research.
Prioritizes honesty and accuracy within a discipline.

Purposes of Argument

Key purposes include informing, convincing, persuading, exploring, making decisions, and meditating or praying in academic contexts.

Informing

Aimed at educating the audience about unknown information.
Common examples include street signs and newspaper headlines.

Convincing

Involves presenting evidence to prove a point and counter opposing views.
Often seen in reports and academic articles.

Persuading

Motivates action and change with compelling language and repetition.
Common in advertisements and political commentary.

Exploring

Identifies and asserts the existence of problems needing solutions.
Engages with opponents and controversial trends; relevant examples include economic forecasts.

Making Decisions

Involves weighing pros and cons to arrive at sound choices.
Decision-making processes may include educational paths and career options.

Meditating or Praying

Focused on reaching a state of peace or understanding through introspection.
Can manifest in religious contexts like poetry and art.

Occasions for Argument

Types include forensic, deliberative, and epideictic (ceremonial) arguments.

Forensic Argument

Centers on past events, relying on evidence to recreate what has happened.
Incorporates historical precedents to influence present policies.

Deliberative Argument

Concerns future policies and decisions within legislative bodies.
Utilizes forensic arguments and projections to hypothesize future outcomes.

Epideictic / Ceremonial Argument

Relates to current values reflected in speeches, eulogies, and ceremonies.
Critiques and praises societal norms, reinforcing shared values.

Types of Argument

Common types include fact, definition, evaluation, causality, and proposal arguments.

Fact Argument

Investigates whether something occurred; provable through specific evidence.
Often entails complex layers and factual analysis.

Definition Argument

Explores the nature of objects or actions, determining category belonging.
Can lead to significant debates, such as those surrounding ethical questions like abortion.

Proposal Argument

Focuses on identifying problems and suggesting actionable solutions.
Addresses statements such as excessive college tuition and potential reforms.

Evaluation Argument

Assesses the quality of a subject, derived from argument of definition.
Involves establishing criteria to measure and evaluate effectiveness or merit.

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Description

Test your understanding of essential argumentative schools with these flashcards covering terms from Chapter 1 of the EAA. Each card highlights different approaches, including obvious, invitational, and Rogerian arguments. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge and improving your argumentation skills.