Vision anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the outermost layer of the eye?

Fibrous/Sclera

what is the function of the sclera

protects the inner eye while allowing light to enter via the cornea

What is the function of the curved cornea surface

to bend the entering light waves and focus them on the surface of the retina

How many layers does the cornea have?

<p>6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the middle layer of the eye called?

<p>vascular/choroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is included in the choroid layer

<p>iris and pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the function of the vascular/choroid layer

<p>blood and nutrient supply to the inner parts of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are the components of the ciliary body

<p>ciliary muscles, ciliary processes, ciliary zonule</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the function of ciliary processes

<p>produce aqueous humor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the function of the ciliary muscles

<p>alter the shape of the lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

how does the lens change its shape

<p>ciliary zonule and their suspensory ligaments connect the ciliary muscles and the lens. when the ciliary muscles contract or relax, the shape of the lens thins or thickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments relax and the lens gets thicker to see objects that are close.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments tighten and pull on the lens so it gets thinner to see objects farther away.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

how do you relate lens shape and object distance to ciliary muscles

<p>when ciliary muscles contract, lens is thicker to see close objects while the opposite is true for objects father away (ciliary muscles relax and lens thins)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what do the iris and pupil do

<p>the iris controls the size of the pupil/opening where light passes into the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae are muscles of the pupil

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

the sphincter pupillae is controlled by parasympathetic system (CN3 oculomotor nerve)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

the dilator pupillae is controlled by the sympathetic system

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of accommodation

<p>combining changes in the size of the pupil and the lens curvature to make sure the image converges in the same place on the retina and is properly focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

why is it important for the all the light rays from an object to hit the same point on the retina

<p>since the image will appear blurry and indistinct if the light isn't focused properly on the photoreceptor cells of the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

cones and rods are what kind of cells

<p>photoreceptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

characteristics of cone cells

<p>active in bright light (B), perceive color (C), center of retina (A), one cone cell per ganglion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

characteristics of rod cells

<p>active in dim light (B), do not perceive color (C), many rod cells converge on one ganglion (D), peripheral vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

the retina is a delicate membrane that extends posteriorly to join the optic nerve

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what happens after the photopigments in photoreceptor cells cause a chemical change when light hits them

<p>the chemical change causes an impulse to be sent to the optic nerve and then to the visual part of the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe to be interpreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

describe the passage of light through the anatomy of the eye

<p>the light enters the eye and passes through the cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, and vitreous humor before focusing on the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

the lens focuses light onto the retina by bending light rays

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure within the orbit and above the lateral end of the eye secretes tears to lubricate and protect the eye

<p>lacrimal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

the orbital cavity is padded with fatty tissue to cushion and protect the eye

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external muscle moves the eye inward and towards the nose (medially)

<p>medial rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external muscle moves the eye outward away from the nose (laterally)

<p>lateral rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external muscles elevate the eye and turn it medially

<p>superior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external muscle depresses the eye and turns it medially

<p>inferior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

what movement does the Levator palpebrae superioris control as innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN3)

<p>upper eyelid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of the external muscles depresses the eye and turns it laterally (top of eye inwards to nose)

<p>superior oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of the external muscles elevates the eye and turns it laterally (top of eye rotates outwards away from nose

<p>inferior oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external eye muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN3)

<p>medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve (CN6)

<p>lateral rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

which external eye muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN4)

<p>superior oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the conjunctiva function

<p>protective membrane lining the exposed surface of sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

what makes up the lacrimal apparatus

<p>lacrimal gland and ducts and passageways to drain tears into the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

left nasal and right temporal visual fields carry information to left lateral geniculate body. which information crosses at the optic chiasm

<p>the right temporal visual field crosses over because the medial retina information always crosses while the lateral retina doesn't</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the relationship between retina, visual field, and optic chiasm?

<p>medial retina information (lateral visual field) crosses the optic chiasm while lateral retina information (medial visual field) does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

why does visual field information cross at the optic chiasm? Because the optic tract needs to contain visual information from both eyes that correspond the opposite field of view. Left Optic tract contains right field of view information while right optic tract contains left field of view information

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

the optic tract travels to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus before traveling further via optic radiations to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

describe the order visual information travels to get to the visual cortex

<p>retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiations, visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

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