E-Commerce Overview and Attributes
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of an online community?

  • To act as a platform for e-commerce transactions.
  • To provide users with offline meeting locations.
  • To allow users to share personal information privately.
  • To facilitate interactions primarily via the Internet. (correct)

    • What distinguishes forums from chat rooms?

  • Forums allow only private messages.
  • Forums require messages to be moderated before visibility. (correct)
  • Chat rooms require users to be registered members.
  • Chat rooms messages are archived longer than forum messages.

    • Which challenge pertains to the integration of ICT systems in e-commerce?

  • Maximizing the use of outdated technology.
  • Restricting access to only specific types of devices.
  • Minimizing the number of participants in the system.
  • Defining and documenting interfaces properly. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a primary concern for the security of an ICT system?

    <p>Preventing unauthorized access to the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is NOT emphasized as essential for e-commerce success?

    <p>The promotion of individual sales skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the customer in a business web aggregator model?

    <p>Customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes the benefits of a business web integrator?

    <p>Creation of customer-specific products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of a business web alliance?

    <p>To establish self-organizing value creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example corresponds to a business web distributor?

    <p>UPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Web 2.0, what does it emphasize?

    <p>User-generated content and usability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does a business web aggregator primarily offer to its customers?

    <p>Convenient selection and fulfillment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a blog in the context of Web 2.0?

    <p>A site typically showing posts in reverse chronological order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of business web integrators?

    <p>Process optimization for the total value chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role does the customer play in a business web distributor?

    <p>Recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of a business web alliance?

    <p>Creative and collaborative solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of the universal supply-chain linkage created by Web-enabled enterprise systems?

    <p>Collaboration across geographical boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature characterizes M-Commerce according to its definition?

    <p>Location independence for customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Web function as an interactive medium?

    <p>By facilitating a multiplicity of digital media products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shared feature of common software development platforms mentioned?

    <p>Compatibility with collaborative partners' systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does utility computing primarily refer to in the context of Internet infrastructure?

    <p>Large-scale sharing of computational and storage resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the high availability of services offered through M-Commerce?

    <p>Well established mobile phone networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of mobile devices enhances their utility in M-Commerce?

    <p>Interactivity of mobile devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'localization of customers' refer to in the context of M-Commerce?

    <p>Identifying customers' geographical locations through cell structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical feature of the collaboration fostered by the Web?

    <p>Emergence of both formal and informal collaborations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of utility computing?

    <p>Availability of shared computational resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of an access provider in relation to the Internet?

    <p>To ensure technical access to the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which business model is most similar to a search engine?

    <p>Yellow pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a content provider from other e-commerce business models?

    <p>They provide a digital good or informational content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a traditional business model that channels through factory outlets?

    <p>Manufacturers selling their goods directly to consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of e-commerce, who typically pays for the services provided by a search engine?

    <p>Both consumers and businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of an online shop?

    <p>It offers products or services for purchase online</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a portal?

    <p>A website that aggregates various services for users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of provider trades in information as a commodity?

    <p>Content provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of how an access provider operates?

    <p>Offering searchable product catalogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of an online auction site like eBay for small suppliers?

    <p>To increase visibility and access to potential customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of e-commerce on business processes?

    <p>Increased speed of business processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of e-commerce relates to its global reach?

    <p>Use of a universal technical infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 5-C model, what is a key function of e-commerce?

    <p>Facilitating exchange transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does e-commerce create between independent persons and organizations?

    <p>Opportunities for cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of e-commerce?

    <p>Support of sustainable localism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the internet play in the context of e-commerce?

    <p>A crucial factor for universal connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of linking business processes in e-commerce?

    <p>To enhance economic efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines e-commerce according to its final definition?

    <p>Exchange of goods and services usually between independent parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are categorized as the primary actors in the E-Commerce environment?

    <p>Consumers and Businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'C' refer to in the context of E-Commerce actors?

    <p>Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder group in E-Commerce?

    <p>Local businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes the role of a portal in E-Commerce?

    <p>A navigation point for users accessing services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fundamental sales process, who is typically defined as the supplier?

    <p>The provider of goods or services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is represented by the abbreviation 'G' in E-Commerce stakeholders?

    <p>Government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature that enabled the success of E-Commerce?

    <p>Technological advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'A' stand for in the context of E-Commerce stakeholders?

    <p>Administrators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for the involvement of third parties in the E-Commerce sales process?

    <p>To enhance service delivery logistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of content is primarily associated with a web portal?

    <p>User interfaces for service access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a vertical portal?

    <p>To act as a specialized entry point to a specific market or industry niche.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content management application (CMA) of a CMS primarily allow users to do?

    <p>Modify and update content without needing extensive technical skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a Web application server?

    <p>Design features for content manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of an enterprise portal?

    <p>It provides secure access to information across organizational boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Java EE, what does the term 'run-time environment' refer to?

    <p>The platform for executing compiled enterprise software and network applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes .NET from Java EE?

    <p>It is a proprietary platform developed by Microsoft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a horizontal portal?

    <p>It serves as a platform for companies in the same economic sector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of functionality does the content delivery application (CDA) serve in a CMS?

    <p>It enables automated updates and delivery of web content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best defines a vertical information portal (VIP)?

    <p>A resource offering specialized information tailored to a specific industry or interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of a CMS that helps in maintaining website content?

    <p>It allows users to manage content without advanced technical skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'B' refer to in the context of E-Commerce actors?

    <p>Business organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of stakeholders does not have a specific abbreviation in E-Commerce?

    <p>Non-governmental organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fundamental sales process, who is considered the primary receiver of goods or services?

    <p>Customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a portal in E-Commerce?

    <p>To serve as a central entry and navigation point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is represented by the abbreviation 'G' in E-Commerce stakeholders?

    <p>Government authorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organizations are included in the 'business organizations' category of E-Commerce actors?

    <p>Producers, suppliers, and service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the 'C' actor in E-Commerce?

    <p>Customers and consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is characteristic of E-Commerce success?

    <p>Robust logistical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of E-Commerce, which statement about governmental authorities is true?

    <p>They regulate E-Commerce activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'supplier' in E-Commerce?

    <p>The provider of goods or services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a vertical portal?

    <p>A specialized entry point to a specific market or industry niche.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a Content Management System (CMS) allows non-experts to manage website content?

    <p>Content Management Application (CMA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a Web Application Server?

    <p>To provide the run-time environment for web-based applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a horizontal portal?

    <p>It aggregates resources across multiple companies in the same sector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Java EE from .NET?

    <p>Java EE is open-source while .NET is proprietary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functionality is NOT provided by a Content Management System (CMS)?

    <p>Creating advertisements for social media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a vertical information portal (VIP)?

    <p>To serve as a specialized resource for a particular niche market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential for the scalability of a Web Application Server?

    <p>Strong interfaces for integrating with other services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding enterprise portals?

    <p>They provide a secure and unified access point across organizational boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of a Content Delivery Application (CDA)?

    <p>To compile and update the website with new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In E-Commerce, 'C' refers to businesses and organizations that provide goods and services.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'B' in the E-Commerce context represents governmental authorities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A portal functions solely as a platform for transaction processing in E-Commerce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary receiver of goods or services in E-Commerce is called the customer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are considered actors and stakeholders in the E-Commerce ecosystem.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shipping agents are classified under the 'C' category of stakeholders in E-Commerce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Governmental entities play a role as stakeholders in the landscape of E-Commerce.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technical elements are irrelevant to the success of E-Commerce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'portal' is synonymous with a single type of digital application in E-Commerce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Political parties are excluded from the list of stakeholders in E-Commerce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A horizontal portal is tailored specifically for a single market niche or industry.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertical portals are often referred to as 'virtual information portals' (VIPs).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Content Management System (CMS) does not allow users to edit or modify content.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Java EE and .NET serve the same purpose, both providing web development frameworks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Content management application (CMA) is primarily concerned with compiling information and updating websites.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A web application server is specifically designed to act only as a client in a client-server application.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encapsulation of data sources is a requirement for a web application server.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CMS allows any user, regardless of technical expertise, to manage website content without a Webmaster.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enterprise portals provide a public access point to information across organizational boundaries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    .NET is considered an open-source platform compared to Java EE.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The delivery/fulfilment step includes the confirmation of the customer's identity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are three primary challenges in realizing B2C business: pricing, fulfilment, and payment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A legally binding order can be changed by the customer after its confirmation without restrictions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The billing/invoicing step occurs prior to the confirmation of delivery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in the buying process via the internet involves the customer becoming passive in their search for products.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both the supplier and the customer must document relevant data to conclude a contract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initiation step follows only after a business transaction has been established.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A credit note is created when the value of the delivered goods is higher than the value of the originally ordered goods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effective complaints management is essential for achieving high customer satisfaction in e-commerce.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RFID technology utilizes visible light to identify and track tags attached to objects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In e-procurement, the buying organization acts as the only customer while looking for multiple suppliers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The auction pricing strategy in e-commerce allows customers to bid the lowest amount to secure products.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A supplier's pricing strategy can lead to easier price increases than price reductions in e-commerce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Customer and supplier monitoring requires complex manual processes without the use of technology in order processing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main challenge of pricing in e-commerce is establishing low prices without creating price dispersion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supplementary and replacement deliveries must function seamlessly to ensure a positive customer experience in e-commerce.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internet auctions enable customers to physically inspect goods before purchasing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individual negotiation between customer and supplier is a pricing strategy in e-commerce.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Real goods can be delivered electronically without any physical forwarding services.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dual use goods are products intended solely for military purposes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital goods can be easily copied without harming the original version.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Customer Relationship Management (CRM) involves tracking and analysis of customer interactions to enhance loyalty.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Piracy and theft are irrelevant concerns in the digital goods sector.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outsourcing delivery functions is a common consideration in international transportation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a regular customer is seen as a liability to company profits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three challenges associated with realizing B2C business?

    <p>Pricing, fulfilment, and payment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which step of the e-commerce process do both the supplier and customer acknowledge their intention to conduct a transaction?

    <p>Initiation Step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen before the billing and invoicing step can begin in an e-commerce transaction?

    <p>The confirmation of delivery is received</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the delivery/fulfilment step, what is necessary if the goods are not in stock?

    <p>They must be produced or ordered from the producer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step requires that all relevant data, including customer identification, be gathered before finalizing a transaction?

    <p>Contract Conclusion Step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in determining how a customer starts the buying process online?

    <p>Whether the product is clear and the supplier is selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the 'processing' of a consignment in the context of the e-commerce sales process?

    <p>Packaging and forwarding of the goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variant of the buying process indicates that the product/service needs to be determined by the customer?

    <p>Product/service not yet determined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the characteristics of a procurement platform?

    <p>It often integrates with ERP systems to streamline procurement activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are primary objectives of a procurement system?

    <p>Minimizing warehousing costs and reducing procurement costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is typically NOT associated with a procurement platform?

    <p>Customer relationship tracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of CRM processes, what does the term 'E-complaint' imply?

    <p>Complaints submitted electronically via various online channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective complaint management entail according to the typical CRM processes?

    <p>Understanding the dissatisfaction and profiling complainers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the value of delivered goods is lower than the originally ordered goods?

    <p>A credit note must be issued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily necessary for achieving high customer satisfaction in e-commerce?

    <p>Implementing professional service and support systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is mentioned as important for monitoring the order process in e-commerce?

    <p>RFID technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the auction pricing strategy differ in the digital world compared to real-life auctions?

    <p>End of auction rules vary and can include late-minute bidding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of e-procurement compared to traditional online shopping?

    <p>It involves multiple suppliers and a single buying organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of the first pricing strategy where suppliers set prices?

    <p>It makes increasing prices very difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be in place for a successful supplementary and replacement delivery process?

    <p>An efficient returns handling process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the auction pricing strategy?

    <p>Competition occurs horizontally among customers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does automated data capture play in the communication step of order processing?

    <p>It facilitates monitoring the status of orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of a supplier’s initial pricing strategy in e-commerce?

    <p>Price dispersion in the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge when delivering real goods in e-commerce?

    <p>Need for physical logistics and transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern regarding digital goods in e-commerce?

    <p>Protection of the master copy from unauthorized use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor complicates international transportation of goods in e-commerce?

    <p>Existence of dual-use goods regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Customer Relationship Management (CRM) serve in e-commerce?

    <p>Tracks customer interactions to enhance satisfaction and loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the individual negotiation pricing strategy?

    <p>Flexibility in pricing based on customer-supplier discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be carefully managed to avoid significant risks in e-commerce logistics?

    <p>Piracy and theft during transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues arises specifically when dealing with digital goods?

    <p>Protection against copying and piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of considering drone delivery in e-commerce?

    <p>Ability to reach remote areas with low population density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of dual-use goods refer to in the context of e-commerce?

    <p>Products that serve both civil and military applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically a customer's advantage in online auctions?

    <p>Access to multiple suppliers without geographical restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    E-Commerce Definition and Attributes

    • E-Commerce is defined as the exchange of goods and services between independent entities supported by powerful ICT systems and a standardized global network.
    • Focus on business processes enhances speed and efficiency, allowing interactions across multiple organizations and optimizing cross-boundary collaborations.
    • The Internet serves as a universal technical infrastructure enabling global connectivity, overcoming geographical and temporal restrictions for business relationships.

    5-C Model of E-Commerce

    • Commerce: Facilitates matching between customers and suppliers, establishing transaction terms within electronic marketplaces, enhancing supply chain integration.
    • Collaboration: Promotes relationships among businesses and individuals, reducing constraints of space and time through digital platforms.
    • Communication: The Web acts as an interactive medium for various media products, enhancing connectivity and distribution of digital goods, especially in M-Commerce.
    • Connection: Open-source software and common platforms foster compatibility among different firms, facilitating virtual networks.
    • Computation: The infrastructure allows large-scale sharing of computing and storage resources, optimizing utility computing capabilities.

    M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)

    • M-Commerce involves mobile devices like phones and PDAs for business transactions.
    • Key features include location independence, high service availability, enhanced computing power, and customer-focused interactivity.
    • Emphasizes security in mobile networks and potential for personalized services based on customer location.

    Internet-Based Business Models

    • Access Provider: Technical facilitator of Internet access; often privatized, raising questions about access as a human right.
    • Search Engine: Essential tools for initiating online activities; akin to "yellow pages" for discovering business opportunities.
    • Online Shops: Platforms for purchasing products or services online, similar to direct mail sales and factory outlets.
    • Content Provider: Distributors of digital content, including information and music; includes information brokers.
    • Portal: Websites offering comprehensive services and negotiation processes, creating a complex digital ecosystem.
    • Business Web Aggregator: Operates like a digital supermarket with extensive product variety and convenient customer fulfillment.
    • Business Web Integrator: Focuses on optimizing the value chain through systematic supplier selection and product integration.
    • Business Web Alliance: Encourages self-organizing collaborative spaces for innovation and trust-building among participants.
    • Business Web Distributor: Facilitates the exchange of goods and services, ensuring timely delivery through optimized logistics.

    Web 2.0 Characteristics

    • Emphasizes user-generated content, promoting engagement and usability rather than solely technical specifications.
    • Blogs: Informational platforms with posts in reverse chronological order, often featuring multiple authors.
    • Social Networking Services: Platforms for forming social connections based on shared interests or backgrounds.
    • Online Communities: Virtual spaces where members interact and share information based on common interests.
    • Forums/Bulletin Boards: Online discussion sites for longer conversations, archived for future reference.
    • Content Aggregator: Websites that compile specific information from various online sources for user convenience.

    Technical and Economic Challenges

    • Technical Challenges: Ensuring interoperability of ICT systems across organizational boundaries; assessing infrastructure suitability for E-Commerce.
    • Protecting ICT systems from threats, securing payment processes, and safeguarding personal data are paramount concerns.
    • Economic Challenges: E-Commerce demands streamlined management and organization of business processes; questions arise regarding standardization, participant trustworthiness, and participant roles.

    Pretail

    • Includes pre-sale commerce, pre-order retailers, incubation marketplaces, and crowdfunding communities.

    E-Business

    • Defined as the application of ICT to support all business activities.
    • Encompasses the exchange of products and services between various entities.
    • Focuses on the relationship and activities with individuals and organizations via the Internet.
    • Coined by IBM’s marketing and Internet team in 1996.

    Digital Economy

    • Refers to an economy mainly based on computing technologies.
    • Also known as the Internet Economy, New Economy, or Web Economy.

    Preliminary Definition Concerns

    • Questions the comprehensiveness of digitalization and its limits, particularly in physical goods transportation.
    • Examines if digitalization genuinely provides value beyond cost reduction and profit increase.

    Final Definition of E-Commerce

    • Involves comprehensive digitalization of businesses using ICT for seamless information exchange among partners.
    • Enables broad collaboration among individuals and firms, transcending space and organizational boundaries.
    • The Web serves as an interactive medium for communication, allowing for location-sensitive products and services.
    • Increasing reliance on common software platforms for compatibility among trading partners.
    • Recognizes the Internet's role in enabling utility computing and shared resources.

    M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)

    • Involves using mobile devices for business activities.
    • Enables location independence and high availability of services.
    • Features interactivity, security, and potential for personalized services.

    E-Procurement

    • Automates an organization’s procurement processes via Web applications.
    • Reduces time and costs in procurement while recording all transactional data electronically.

    E-Government

    • Encompasses digital interactions between citizens and governments, including various types of exchanges (C2G, G2G, G2C, G2E, G2B).

    E-Administration

    • Aims to convert traditional paper processes to electronic processes, promoting a paperless office for accountability.

    E-Democracy

    • Integrates 21st-century ICT to enhance democratic processes, allowing citizen participation in law creation and governance.

    Role of the Internet in E-Commerce

    • Lowers entry barriers for selling diverse goods, enabling small businesses to thrive online.
    • Forces established suppliers to adapt their business models for E-Commerce sustainability.
    • Portals control employee access to applications in organizations.

    Online Marketplace / Electronic Mall

    • Provides websites for suppliers and customers to interact similarly to physical markets.
    • E-Malls consist of multiple online shops accessible from a single site.

    Virtual Community

    • Serves as a platform for communication and experience exchange among members, raising questions about ownership and funding.

    Information Broker

    • Aggregates and provides product-related information, market data, and services while questioning neutrality and trustworthiness.

    Transaction Broker

    • Facilitates sales transactions, acting as agents for specific areas in business, hiding customer identities when necessary.

    Online Service Provider

    • Offers electronic services such as application software or ICT infrastructure, often through cloud technologies.

    Business Net Types

    • Business web agora aims to function as a marketplace for goods and services.
    • Social networking services establish online relationships among like-minded individuals.

    Technical and Economic Challenges

    • Technical challenges include ensuring compatibility and defining interfaces among diverse ICT systems.
    • Addresses security concerns for ICT systems, payment procedures, and protection of personal data.
    • Economic challenges focus on management processes, participant trustworthiness, and standardization across business processes.

    E-Commerce Actors and Stakeholders

    • Consumers (C): Represent potential buyers or citizens in e-commerce contexts.
    • Business Organizations (B): Include producers, suppliers, merchants, banks, insurance companies, and logistics firms, driving market transactions.
    • Government Authorities (G/A): Encompass government entities and administrations influencing regulations and e-commerce frameworks.
    • Additional Stakeholders: Include political parties, NGOs (e.g., Greenpeace, Red Cross), religious organizations, sports associations, and media, affecting public perception and policy.

    Fundamental Sales Process

    • Supplier-Customer Dynamic: The supplier provides goods/services, while the customer receives them, with the potential involvement of third parties like shipping agents in transactions.

    Technological Elements in E-Commerce

    • Portals: Serve as central access points for navigating virtual spaces, acting as interfaces between users and systems, crucial for e-commerce strategies.
    • Categories of Portals:
      • Horizontal Portals: Cater to several companies within the same economic sector.
      • Vertical Portals (Vortals): Focus on niche markets or specific industries, known as vertical information portals (VIPs).

    Content Management Systems (CMS)

    • Definition: Software that enables management of digital content, allowing users to publish, edit, organize, and maintain website content from a central interface.
    • Functionality Areas:
      • Content Management Application (CMA): User-friendly front-end for content modification without needing a Webmaster.
      • Content Delivery Application (CDA): Compiles and updates website content.

    Web Application Server

    • Definition: Software providing the runtime environment for server-side execution in client-server applications, typically utilizing web browsers as clients.
    • Key Requirements:
      • Data source encapsulation, interfaces to services, scalability, monitoring, management functions, and software lifecycle management.

    Java EE and .NET

    • Java EE: Offers an API and runtime environment for developing scalable enterprise applications, including network and web services.
    • .NET: A proprietary Microsoft framework competing with Java EE, facilitating the development of enterprise and web applications.

    E-Commerce Actors and Stakeholders

    • Consumers (C): Represent potential buyers or citizens in e-commerce contexts.
    • Business Organizations (B): Include producers, suppliers, merchants, banks, insurance companies, and logistics firms, driving market transactions.
    • Government Authorities (G/A): Encompass government entities and administrations influencing regulations and e-commerce frameworks.
    • Additional Stakeholders: Include political parties, NGOs (e.g., Greenpeace, Red Cross), religious organizations, sports associations, and media, affecting public perception and policy.

    Fundamental Sales Process

    • Supplier-Customer Dynamic: The supplier provides goods/services, while the customer receives them, with the potential involvement of third parties like shipping agents in transactions.

    Technological Elements in E-Commerce

    • Portals: Serve as central access points for navigating virtual spaces, acting as interfaces between users and systems, crucial for e-commerce strategies.
    • Categories of Portals:
      • Horizontal Portals: Cater to several companies within the same economic sector.
      • Vertical Portals (Vortals): Focus on niche markets or specific industries, known as vertical information portals (VIPs).

    Content Management Systems (CMS)

    • Definition: Software that enables management of digital content, allowing users to publish, edit, organize, and maintain website content from a central interface.
    • Functionality Areas:
      • Content Management Application (CMA): User-friendly front-end for content modification without needing a Webmaster.
      • Content Delivery Application (CDA): Compiles and updates website content.

    Web Application Server

    • Definition: Software providing the runtime environment for server-side execution in client-server applications, typically utilizing web browsers as clients.
    • Key Requirements:
      • Data source encapsulation, interfaces to services, scalability, monitoring, management functions, and software lifecycle management.

    Java EE and .NET

    • Java EE: Offers an API and runtime environment for developing scalable enterprise applications, including network and web services.
    • .NET: A proprietary Microsoft framework competing with Java EE, facilitating the development of enterprise and web applications.

    E-Commerce Actors and Stakeholders

    • Consumers (C): Represent potential buyers or citizens in e-commerce contexts.
    • Business Organizations (B): Include producers, suppliers, merchants, banks, insurance companies, and logistics firms, driving market transactions.
    • Government Authorities (G/A): Encompass government entities and administrations influencing regulations and e-commerce frameworks.
    • Additional Stakeholders: Include political parties, NGOs (e.g., Greenpeace, Red Cross), religious organizations, sports associations, and media, affecting public perception and policy.

    Fundamental Sales Process

    • Supplier-Customer Dynamic: The supplier provides goods/services, while the customer receives them, with the potential involvement of third parties like shipping agents in transactions.

    Technological Elements in E-Commerce

    • Portals: Serve as central access points for navigating virtual spaces, acting as interfaces between users and systems, crucial for e-commerce strategies.
    • Categories of Portals:
      • Horizontal Portals: Cater to several companies within the same economic sector.
      • Vertical Portals (Vortals): Focus on niche markets or specific industries, known as vertical information portals (VIPs).

    Content Management Systems (CMS)

    • Definition: Software that enables management of digital content, allowing users to publish, edit, organize, and maintain website content from a central interface.
    • Functionality Areas:
      • Content Management Application (CMA): User-friendly front-end for content modification without needing a Webmaster.
      • Content Delivery Application (CDA): Compiles and updates website content.

    Web Application Server

    • Definition: Software providing the runtime environment for server-side execution in client-server applications, typically utilizing web browsers as clients.
    • Key Requirements:
      • Data source encapsulation, interfaces to services, scalability, monitoring, management functions, and software lifecycle management.

    Java EE and .NET

    • Java EE: Offers an API and runtime environment for developing scalable enterprise applications, including network and web services.
    • .NET: A proprietary Microsoft framework competing with Java EE, facilitating the development of enterprise and web applications.

    B2C Business Overview

    • Fundamental sales processes have variations due to diverse needs of customers and suppliers.
    • Three main challenges in B2C business: pricing challenge, fulfilment challenge, and payment challenge.
    • Digital business offers enhanced opportunities for customer insights and understanding.

    Process Model Variants

    • Buying via Internet presents complexities such as finding the right online shop, legal binding of orders, and process of consignment.
    • Variants of the process include different customer starting points:
      • Known product/service with a selected supplier
      • Known product/service without a selected supplier
      • Undefined product/service to be determined.

    Process Steps

    • Initiation Step involves customer and supplier initiating a transaction after deciding to conduct business together.
    • Contract Conclusion Step requires both parties to agree on terms, where customer identification and documentation is essential.
    • Delivery/Fulfilment Step involves compiling, sourcing, packaging, and shipping ordered goods, especially if items are out of stock.
    • Billing/Invoicing Step occurs post-delivery confirmation, which may require invoice adjustments based on actual goods delivered.
    • Service/Support Step emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction through effective complaints management and support services.
    • Communication/Tracking & Tracing Step utilizes automated data capture methods (like RFID technology) to allow real-time order status monitoring.

    E-Procurement

    • E-Procurement refers to the purchasing process from the customer's perspective, where the buying organization seeks multiple suppliers.
    • Acts as an inverse of an online shop by focusing on sourcing rather than selling.

    Pricing Challenge

    • First Pricing Strategy involves suppliers setting fixed prices leading to lower prices in e-commerce; however, increasing prices is challenging.
    • Second Pricing Strategy utilizes auctions where competitive bidding among customers determines the price, dependent on supplier reputation for trustworthiness.
    • Third Pricing Strategy allows for individual negotiation between customer and supplier, fostering customized agreements.

    Fulfilment Challenge

    • Delivering Real Goods requires logistics management, including decisions on in-house versus outsourcing delivery, company policy on short-term delivery, and international shipping intricacies.
    • Delivering Digital Goods necessitates protecting the master copy against unauthorized copies, ensuring secure distribution methods.

    Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

    • CRM focuses on tracking and analyzing all firm-customer interactions to optimize sales volume, customer satisfaction, and loyalty.
    • Key CRM processes include handling customer requests, problem resolution, managing complaints, and conducting service management.

    Procurement Platform

    • A procurement platform manages procurement processes, often integrated into ERP systems, aiding in purchase requisitions, orders, and invoice processing.
    • Objectives include price reduction through centralization, minimizing procurement and warehousing costs, and ensuring just-in-time delivery.
    • Functions encompass vendor management, e-tendering, e-auctioning, order integration, and contract management.

    B2C Business Overview

    • Fundamental sales processes have variations due to diverse needs of customers and suppliers.
    • Three main challenges in B2C business: pricing challenge, fulfilment challenge, and payment challenge.
    • Digital business offers enhanced opportunities for customer insights and understanding.

    Process Model Variants

    • Buying via Internet presents complexities such as finding the right online shop, legal binding of orders, and process of consignment.
    • Variants of the process include different customer starting points:
      • Known product/service with a selected supplier
      • Known product/service without a selected supplier
      • Undefined product/service to be determined.

    Process Steps

    • Initiation Step involves customer and supplier initiating a transaction after deciding to conduct business together.
    • Contract Conclusion Step requires both parties to agree on terms, where customer identification and documentation is essential.
    • Delivery/Fulfilment Step involves compiling, sourcing, packaging, and shipping ordered goods, especially if items are out of stock.
    • Billing/Invoicing Step occurs post-delivery confirmation, which may require invoice adjustments based on actual goods delivered.
    • Service/Support Step emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction through effective complaints management and support services.
    • Communication/Tracking & Tracing Step utilizes automated data capture methods (like RFID technology) to allow real-time order status monitoring.

    E-Procurement

    • E-Procurement refers to the purchasing process from the customer's perspective, where the buying organization seeks multiple suppliers.
    • Acts as an inverse of an online shop by focusing on sourcing rather than selling.

    Pricing Challenge

    • First Pricing Strategy involves suppliers setting fixed prices leading to lower prices in e-commerce; however, increasing prices is challenging.
    • Second Pricing Strategy utilizes auctions where competitive bidding among customers determines the price, dependent on supplier reputation for trustworthiness.
    • Third Pricing Strategy allows for individual negotiation between customer and supplier, fostering customized agreements.

    Fulfilment Challenge

    • Delivering Real Goods requires logistics management, including decisions on in-house versus outsourcing delivery, company policy on short-term delivery, and international shipping intricacies.
    • Delivering Digital Goods necessitates protecting the master copy against unauthorized copies, ensuring secure distribution methods.

    Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

    • CRM focuses on tracking and analyzing all firm-customer interactions to optimize sales volume, customer satisfaction, and loyalty.
    • Key CRM processes include handling customer requests, problem resolution, managing complaints, and conducting service management.

    Procurement Platform

    • A procurement platform manages procurement processes, often integrated into ERP systems, aiding in purchase requisitions, orders, and invoice processing.
    • Objectives include price reduction through centralization, minimizing procurement and warehousing costs, and ensuring just-in-time delivery.
    • Functions encompass vendor management, e-tendering, e-auctioning, order integration, and contract management.

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    Description

    Explore the essential attributes that define e-commerce, focusing on how it supports and accelerates business processes across organizational boundaries. Understand the potential for enhanced efficiencies and collaborations facilitated by modern e-commerce practices.

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