Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of an online community?
What is the main purpose of an online community?
- To act as a platform for e-commerce transactions.
- To provide users with offline meeting locations.
- To allow users to share personal information privately.
- To facilitate interactions primarily via the Internet. (correct)
What distinguishes forums from chat rooms?
What distinguishes forums from chat rooms?
- Forums allow only private messages.
- Forums require messages to be moderated before visibility. (correct)
- Chat rooms require users to be registered members.
- Chat rooms messages are archived longer than forum messages.
Which challenge pertains to the integration of ICT systems in e-commerce?
Which challenge pertains to the integration of ICT systems in e-commerce?
- Maximizing the use of outdated technology.
- Restricting access to only specific types of devices.
- Minimizing the number of participants in the system.
- Defining and documenting interfaces properly. (correct)
Which of the following is a primary concern for the security of an ICT system?
Which of the following is a primary concern for the security of an ICT system?
What aspect is NOT emphasized as essential for e-commerce success?
What aspect is NOT emphasized as essential for e-commerce success?
What is the primary role of the customer in a business web aggregator model?
What is the primary role of the customer in a business web aggregator model?
Which characteristic best describes the benefits of a business web integrator?
Which characteristic best describes the benefits of a business web integrator?
What is one of the main objectives of a business web alliance?
What is one of the main objectives of a business web alliance?
Which example corresponds to a business web distributor?
Which example corresponds to a business web distributor?
In the context of Web 2.0, what does it emphasize?
In the context of Web 2.0, what does it emphasize?
What benefit does a business web aggregator primarily offer to its customers?
What benefit does a business web aggregator primarily offer to its customers?
What defines a blog in the context of Web 2.0?
What defines a blog in the context of Web 2.0?
What is a key characteristic of business web integrators?
What is a key characteristic of business web integrators?
Which role does the customer play in a business web distributor?
Which role does the customer play in a business web distributor?
What is a significant benefit of a business web alliance?
What is a significant benefit of a business web alliance?
What is a primary benefit of the universal supply-chain linkage created by Web-enabled enterprise systems?
What is a primary benefit of the universal supply-chain linkage created by Web-enabled enterprise systems?
Which feature characterizes M-Commerce according to its definition?
Which feature characterizes M-Commerce according to its definition?
How does the Web function as an interactive medium?
How does the Web function as an interactive medium?
What is a shared feature of common software development platforms mentioned?
What is a shared feature of common software development platforms mentioned?
What does utility computing primarily refer to in the context of Internet infrastructure?
What does utility computing primarily refer to in the context of Internet infrastructure?
What factor contributes to the high availability of services offered through M-Commerce?
What factor contributes to the high availability of services offered through M-Commerce?
Which aspect of mobile devices enhances their utility in M-Commerce?
Which aspect of mobile devices enhances their utility in M-Commerce?
What does the term 'localization of customers' refer to in the context of M-Commerce?
What does the term 'localization of customers' refer to in the context of M-Commerce?
What is a critical feature of the collaboration fostered by the Web?
What is a critical feature of the collaboration fostered by the Web?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of utility computing?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of utility computing?
What is the primary role of an access provider in relation to the Internet?
What is the primary role of an access provider in relation to the Internet?
Which business model is most similar to a search engine?
Which business model is most similar to a search engine?
What distinguishes a content provider from other e-commerce business models?
What distinguishes a content provider from other e-commerce business models?
What is an example of a traditional business model that channels through factory outlets?
What is an example of a traditional business model that channels through factory outlets?
In the context of e-commerce, who typically pays for the services provided by a search engine?
In the context of e-commerce, who typically pays for the services provided by a search engine?
What is a defining characteristic of an online shop?
What is a defining characteristic of an online shop?
Which of the following best describes a portal?
Which of the following best describes a portal?
What type of provider trades in information as a commodity?
What type of provider trades in information as a commodity?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of how an access provider operates?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of how an access provider operates?
What is a primary function of an online auction site like eBay for small suppliers?
What is a primary function of an online auction site like eBay for small suppliers?
What is a significant effect of e-commerce on business processes?
What is a significant effect of e-commerce on business processes?
Which aspect of e-commerce relates to its global reach?
Which aspect of e-commerce relates to its global reach?
According to the 5-C model, what is a key function of e-commerce?
According to the 5-C model, what is a key function of e-commerce?
What does e-commerce create between independent persons and organizations?
What does e-commerce create between independent persons and organizations?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of e-commerce?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of e-commerce?
What role does the internet play in the context of e-commerce?
What role does the internet play in the context of e-commerce?
What is a primary goal of linking business processes in e-commerce?
What is a primary goal of linking business processes in e-commerce?
What defines e-commerce according to its final definition?
What defines e-commerce according to its final definition?
Who are categorized as the primary actors in the E-Commerce environment?
Who are categorized as the primary actors in the E-Commerce environment?
What does the abbreviation 'C' refer to in the context of E-Commerce actors?
What does the abbreviation 'C' refer to in the context of E-Commerce actors?
Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder group in E-Commerce?
Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder group in E-Commerce?
Which option describes the role of a portal in E-Commerce?
Which option describes the role of a portal in E-Commerce?
In the fundamental sales process, who is typically defined as the supplier?
In the fundamental sales process, who is typically defined as the supplier?
Which group is represented by the abbreviation 'G' in E-Commerce stakeholders?
Which group is represented by the abbreviation 'G' in E-Commerce stakeholders?
What is a characteristic feature that enabled the success of E-Commerce?
What is a characteristic feature that enabled the success of E-Commerce?
What does the abbreviation 'A' stand for in the context of E-Commerce stakeholders?
What does the abbreviation 'A' stand for in the context of E-Commerce stakeholders?
What is a key reason for the involvement of third parties in the E-Commerce sales process?
What is a key reason for the involvement of third parties in the E-Commerce sales process?
Which type of content is primarily associated with a web portal?
Which type of content is primarily associated with a web portal?
What is the primary function of a vertical portal?
What is the primary function of a vertical portal?
What does the content management application (CMA) of a CMS primarily allow users to do?
What does the content management application (CMA) of a CMS primarily allow users to do?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a Web application server?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a Web application server?
What is a primary characteristic of an enterprise portal?
What is a primary characteristic of an enterprise portal?
In the context of Java EE, what does the term 'run-time environment' refer to?
In the context of Java EE, what does the term 'run-time environment' refer to?
What distinguishes .NET from Java EE?
What distinguishes .NET from Java EE?
Which statement accurately describes a horizontal portal?
Which statement accurately describes a horizontal portal?
What area of functionality does the content delivery application (CDA) serve in a CMS?
What area of functionality does the content delivery application (CDA) serve in a CMS?
Which best defines a vertical information portal (VIP)?
Which best defines a vertical information portal (VIP)?
What is a key aspect of a CMS that helps in maintaining website content?
What is a key aspect of a CMS that helps in maintaining website content?
What does the abbreviation 'B' refer to in the context of E-Commerce actors?
What does the abbreviation 'B' refer to in the context of E-Commerce actors?
Which group of stakeholders does not have a specific abbreviation in E-Commerce?
Which group of stakeholders does not have a specific abbreviation in E-Commerce?
In the fundamental sales process, who is considered the primary receiver of goods or services?
In the fundamental sales process, who is considered the primary receiver of goods or services?
What is the role of a portal in E-Commerce?
What is the role of a portal in E-Commerce?
Which of the following groups is represented by the abbreviation 'G' in E-Commerce stakeholders?
Which of the following groups is represented by the abbreviation 'G' in E-Commerce stakeholders?
What type of organizations are included in the 'business organizations' category of E-Commerce actors?
What type of organizations are included in the 'business organizations' category of E-Commerce actors?
What defines the 'C' actor in E-Commerce?
What defines the 'C' actor in E-Commerce?
Which of the following elements is characteristic of E-Commerce success?
Which of the following elements is characteristic of E-Commerce success?
In the context of E-Commerce, which statement about governmental authorities is true?
In the context of E-Commerce, which statement about governmental authorities is true?
Which of the following best describes the term 'supplier' in E-Commerce?
Which of the following best describes the term 'supplier' in E-Commerce?
What defines a vertical portal?
What defines a vertical portal?
Which component of a Content Management System (CMS) allows non-experts to manage website content?
Which component of a Content Management System (CMS) allows non-experts to manage website content?
What is a primary function of a Web Application Server?
What is a primary function of a Web Application Server?
What is the main advantage of using a horizontal portal?
What is the main advantage of using a horizontal portal?
What distinguishes Java EE from .NET?
What distinguishes Java EE from .NET?
Which functionality is NOT provided by a Content Management System (CMS)?
Which functionality is NOT provided by a Content Management System (CMS)?
What is the role of a vertical information portal (VIP)?
What is the role of a vertical information portal (VIP)?
Which characteristic is essential for the scalability of a Web Application Server?
Which characteristic is essential for the scalability of a Web Application Server?
Which statement is true regarding enterprise portals?
Which statement is true regarding enterprise portals?
What is one of the main purposes of a Content Delivery Application (CDA)?
What is one of the main purposes of a Content Delivery Application (CDA)?
In E-Commerce, 'C' refers to businesses and organizations that provide goods and services.
In E-Commerce, 'C' refers to businesses and organizations that provide goods and services.
'B' in the E-Commerce context represents governmental authorities.
'B' in the E-Commerce context represents governmental authorities.
A portal functions solely as a platform for transaction processing in E-Commerce.
A portal functions solely as a platform for transaction processing in E-Commerce.
The primary receiver of goods or services in E-Commerce is called the customer.
The primary receiver of goods or services in E-Commerce is called the customer.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are considered actors and stakeholders in the E-Commerce ecosystem.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are considered actors and stakeholders in the E-Commerce ecosystem.
Shipping agents are classified under the 'C' category of stakeholders in E-Commerce.
Shipping agents are classified under the 'C' category of stakeholders in E-Commerce.
Governmental entities play a role as stakeholders in the landscape of E-Commerce.
Governmental entities play a role as stakeholders in the landscape of E-Commerce.
Technical elements are irrelevant to the success of E-Commerce.
Technical elements are irrelevant to the success of E-Commerce.
The term 'portal' is synonymous with a single type of digital application in E-Commerce.
The term 'portal' is synonymous with a single type of digital application in E-Commerce.
Political parties are excluded from the list of stakeholders in E-Commerce.
Political parties are excluded from the list of stakeholders in E-Commerce.
A horizontal portal is tailored specifically for a single market niche or industry.
A horizontal portal is tailored specifically for a single market niche or industry.
Vertical portals are often referred to as 'virtual information portals' (VIPs).
Vertical portals are often referred to as 'virtual information portals' (VIPs).
Content Management System (CMS) does not allow users to edit or modify content.
Content Management System (CMS) does not allow users to edit or modify content.
Java EE and .NET serve the same purpose, both providing web development frameworks.
Java EE and .NET serve the same purpose, both providing web development frameworks.
A Content management application (CMA) is primarily concerned with compiling information and updating websites.
A Content management application (CMA) is primarily concerned with compiling information and updating websites.
A web application server is specifically designed to act only as a client in a client-server application.
A web application server is specifically designed to act only as a client in a client-server application.
Encapsulation of data sources is a requirement for a web application server.
Encapsulation of data sources is a requirement for a web application server.
The CMS allows any user, regardless of technical expertise, to manage website content without a Webmaster.
The CMS allows any user, regardless of technical expertise, to manage website content without a Webmaster.
Enterprise portals provide a public access point to information across organizational boundaries.
Enterprise portals provide a public access point to information across organizational boundaries.
.NET is considered an open-source platform compared to Java EE.
.NET is considered an open-source platform compared to Java EE.
The delivery/fulfilment step includes the confirmation of the customer's identity.
The delivery/fulfilment step includes the confirmation of the customer's identity.
There are three primary challenges in realizing B2C business: pricing, fulfilment, and payment.
There are three primary challenges in realizing B2C business: pricing, fulfilment, and payment.
A legally binding order can be changed by the customer after its confirmation without restrictions.
A legally binding order can be changed by the customer after its confirmation without restrictions.
The billing/invoicing step occurs prior to the confirmation of delivery.
The billing/invoicing step occurs prior to the confirmation of delivery.
The first step in the buying process via the internet involves the customer becoming passive in their search for products.
The first step in the buying process via the internet involves the customer becoming passive in their search for products.
Both the supplier and the customer must document relevant data to conclude a contract.
Both the supplier and the customer must document relevant data to conclude a contract.
The initiation step follows only after a business transaction has been established.
The initiation step follows only after a business transaction has been established.
A credit note is created when the value of the delivered goods is higher than the value of the originally ordered goods.
A credit note is created when the value of the delivered goods is higher than the value of the originally ordered goods.
Effective complaints management is essential for achieving high customer satisfaction in e-commerce.
Effective complaints management is essential for achieving high customer satisfaction in e-commerce.
RFID technology utilizes visible light to identify and track tags attached to objects.
RFID technology utilizes visible light to identify and track tags attached to objects.
In e-procurement, the buying organization acts as the only customer while looking for multiple suppliers.
In e-procurement, the buying organization acts as the only customer while looking for multiple suppliers.
The auction pricing strategy in e-commerce allows customers to bid the lowest amount to secure products.
The auction pricing strategy in e-commerce allows customers to bid the lowest amount to secure products.
A supplier's pricing strategy can lead to easier price increases than price reductions in e-commerce.
A supplier's pricing strategy can lead to easier price increases than price reductions in e-commerce.
Customer and supplier monitoring requires complex manual processes without the use of technology in order processing.
Customer and supplier monitoring requires complex manual processes without the use of technology in order processing.
The main challenge of pricing in e-commerce is establishing low prices without creating price dispersion.
The main challenge of pricing in e-commerce is establishing low prices without creating price dispersion.
Supplementary and replacement deliveries must function seamlessly to ensure a positive customer experience in e-commerce.
Supplementary and replacement deliveries must function seamlessly to ensure a positive customer experience in e-commerce.
Internet auctions enable customers to physically inspect goods before purchasing.
Internet auctions enable customers to physically inspect goods before purchasing.
Individual negotiation between customer and supplier is a pricing strategy in e-commerce.
Individual negotiation between customer and supplier is a pricing strategy in e-commerce.
Real goods can be delivered electronically without any physical forwarding services.
Real goods can be delivered electronically without any physical forwarding services.
Dual use goods are products intended solely for military purposes.
Dual use goods are products intended solely for military purposes.
Digital goods can be easily copied without harming the original version.
Digital goods can be easily copied without harming the original version.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) involves tracking and analysis of customer interactions to enhance loyalty.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) involves tracking and analysis of customer interactions to enhance loyalty.
Piracy and theft are irrelevant concerns in the digital goods sector.
Piracy and theft are irrelevant concerns in the digital goods sector.
Outsourcing delivery functions is a common consideration in international transportation.
Outsourcing delivery functions is a common consideration in international transportation.
The presence of a regular customer is seen as a liability to company profits.
The presence of a regular customer is seen as a liability to company profits.
What are the three challenges associated with realizing B2C business?
What are the three challenges associated with realizing B2C business?
During which step of the e-commerce process do both the supplier and customer acknowledge their intention to conduct a transaction?
During which step of the e-commerce process do both the supplier and customer acknowledge their intention to conduct a transaction?
What must happen before the billing and invoicing step can begin in an e-commerce transaction?
What must happen before the billing and invoicing step can begin in an e-commerce transaction?
In the delivery/fulfilment step, what is necessary if the goods are not in stock?
In the delivery/fulfilment step, what is necessary if the goods are not in stock?
Which step requires that all relevant data, including customer identification, be gathered before finalizing a transaction?
Which step requires that all relevant data, including customer identification, be gathered before finalizing a transaction?
What is a key factor in determining how a customer starts the buying process online?
What is a key factor in determining how a customer starts the buying process online?
What defines the 'processing' of a consignment in the context of the e-commerce sales process?
What defines the 'processing' of a consignment in the context of the e-commerce sales process?
Which variant of the buying process indicates that the product/service needs to be determined by the customer?
Which variant of the buying process indicates that the product/service needs to be determined by the customer?
Which of the following describes the characteristics of a procurement platform?
Which of the following describes the characteristics of a procurement platform?
What are primary objectives of a procurement system?
What are primary objectives of a procurement system?
Which function is typically NOT associated with a procurement platform?
Which function is typically NOT associated with a procurement platform?
In the context of CRM processes, what does the term 'E-complaint' imply?
In the context of CRM processes, what does the term 'E-complaint' imply?
What does effective complaint management entail according to the typical CRM processes?
What does effective complaint management entail according to the typical CRM processes?
What happens when the value of delivered goods is lower than the originally ordered goods?
What happens when the value of delivered goods is lower than the originally ordered goods?
What is primarily necessary for achieving high customer satisfaction in e-commerce?
What is primarily necessary for achieving high customer satisfaction in e-commerce?
Which technology is mentioned as important for monitoring the order process in e-commerce?
Which technology is mentioned as important for monitoring the order process in e-commerce?
How does the auction pricing strategy differ in the digital world compared to real-life auctions?
How does the auction pricing strategy differ in the digital world compared to real-life auctions?
What is a distinguishing feature of e-procurement compared to traditional online shopping?
What is a distinguishing feature of e-procurement compared to traditional online shopping?
What is a significant drawback of the first pricing strategy where suppliers set prices?
What is a significant drawback of the first pricing strategy where suppliers set prices?
What must be in place for a successful supplementary and replacement delivery process?
What must be in place for a successful supplementary and replacement delivery process?
What is a primary characteristic of the auction pricing strategy?
What is a primary characteristic of the auction pricing strategy?
What role does automated data capture play in the communication step of order processing?
What role does automated data capture play in the communication step of order processing?
What is a common consequence of a supplier’s initial pricing strategy in e-commerce?
What is a common consequence of a supplier’s initial pricing strategy in e-commerce?
What is a significant challenge when delivering real goods in e-commerce?
What is a significant challenge when delivering real goods in e-commerce?
What is a common concern regarding digital goods in e-commerce?
What is a common concern regarding digital goods in e-commerce?
Which factor complicates international transportation of goods in e-commerce?
Which factor complicates international transportation of goods in e-commerce?
What role does Customer Relationship Management (CRM) serve in e-commerce?
What role does Customer Relationship Management (CRM) serve in e-commerce?
What is a key characteristic of the individual negotiation pricing strategy?
What is a key characteristic of the individual negotiation pricing strategy?
What must be carefully managed to avoid significant risks in e-commerce logistics?
What must be carefully managed to avoid significant risks in e-commerce logistics?
Which of the following issues arises specifically when dealing with digital goods?
Which of the following issues arises specifically when dealing with digital goods?
What is a potential advantage of considering drone delivery in e-commerce?
What is a potential advantage of considering drone delivery in e-commerce?
What does the concept of dual-use goods refer to in the context of e-commerce?
What does the concept of dual-use goods refer to in the context of e-commerce?
What is typically a customer's advantage in online auctions?
What is typically a customer's advantage in online auctions?
Study Notes
E-Commerce Definition and Attributes
- E-Commerce is defined as the exchange of goods and services between independent entities supported by powerful ICT systems and a standardized global network.
- Focus on business processes enhances speed and efficiency, allowing interactions across multiple organizations and optimizing cross-boundary collaborations.
- The Internet serves as a universal technical infrastructure enabling global connectivity, overcoming geographical and temporal restrictions for business relationships.
5-C Model of E-Commerce
- Commerce: Facilitates matching between customers and suppliers, establishing transaction terms within electronic marketplaces, enhancing supply chain integration.
- Collaboration: Promotes relationships among businesses and individuals, reducing constraints of space and time through digital platforms.
- Communication: The Web acts as an interactive medium for various media products, enhancing connectivity and distribution of digital goods, especially in M-Commerce.
- Connection: Open-source software and common platforms foster compatibility among different firms, facilitating virtual networks.
- Computation: The infrastructure allows large-scale sharing of computing and storage resources, optimizing utility computing capabilities.
M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)
- M-Commerce involves mobile devices like phones and PDAs for business transactions.
- Key features include location independence, high service availability, enhanced computing power, and customer-focused interactivity.
- Emphasizes security in mobile networks and potential for personalized services based on customer location.
Internet-Based Business Models
- Access Provider: Technical facilitator of Internet access; often privatized, raising questions about access as a human right.
- Search Engine: Essential tools for initiating online activities; akin to "yellow pages" for discovering business opportunities.
- Online Shops: Platforms for purchasing products or services online, similar to direct mail sales and factory outlets.
- Content Provider: Distributors of digital content, including information and music; includes information brokers.
- Portal: Websites offering comprehensive services and negotiation processes, creating a complex digital ecosystem.
- Business Web Aggregator: Operates like a digital supermarket with extensive product variety and convenient customer fulfillment.
- Business Web Integrator: Focuses on optimizing the value chain through systematic supplier selection and product integration.
- Business Web Alliance: Encourages self-organizing collaborative spaces for innovation and trust-building among participants.
- Business Web Distributor: Facilitates the exchange of goods and services, ensuring timely delivery through optimized logistics.
Web 2.0 Characteristics
- Emphasizes user-generated content, promoting engagement and usability rather than solely technical specifications.
- Blogs: Informational platforms with posts in reverse chronological order, often featuring multiple authors.
- Social Networking Services: Platforms for forming social connections based on shared interests or backgrounds.
- Online Communities: Virtual spaces where members interact and share information based on common interests.
- Forums/Bulletin Boards: Online discussion sites for longer conversations, archived for future reference.
- Content Aggregator: Websites that compile specific information from various online sources for user convenience.
Technical and Economic Challenges
- Technical Challenges: Ensuring interoperability of ICT systems across organizational boundaries; assessing infrastructure suitability for E-Commerce.
- Protecting ICT systems from threats, securing payment processes, and safeguarding personal data are paramount concerns.
- Economic Challenges: E-Commerce demands streamlined management and organization of business processes; questions arise regarding standardization, participant trustworthiness, and participant roles.
Pretail
- Includes pre-sale commerce, pre-order retailers, incubation marketplaces, and crowdfunding communities.
E-Business
- Defined as the application of ICT to support all business activities.
- Encompasses the exchange of products and services between various entities.
- Focuses on the relationship and activities with individuals and organizations via the Internet.
- Coined by IBM’s marketing and Internet team in 1996.
Digital Economy
- Refers to an economy mainly based on computing technologies.
- Also known as the Internet Economy, New Economy, or Web Economy.
Preliminary Definition Concerns
- Questions the comprehensiveness of digitalization and its limits, particularly in physical goods transportation.
- Examines if digitalization genuinely provides value beyond cost reduction and profit increase.
Final Definition of E-Commerce
- Involves comprehensive digitalization of businesses using ICT for seamless information exchange among partners.
- Enables broad collaboration among individuals and firms, transcending space and organizational boundaries.
- The Web serves as an interactive medium for communication, allowing for location-sensitive products and services.
- Increasing reliance on common software platforms for compatibility among trading partners.
- Recognizes the Internet's role in enabling utility computing and shared resources.
M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)
- Involves using mobile devices for business activities.
- Enables location independence and high availability of services.
- Features interactivity, security, and potential for personalized services.
E-Procurement
- Automates an organization’s procurement processes via Web applications.
- Reduces time and costs in procurement while recording all transactional data electronically.
E-Government
- Encompasses digital interactions between citizens and governments, including various types of exchanges (C2G, G2G, G2C, G2E, G2B).
E-Administration
- Aims to convert traditional paper processes to electronic processes, promoting a paperless office for accountability.
E-Democracy
- Integrates 21st-century ICT to enhance democratic processes, allowing citizen participation in law creation and governance.
Role of the Internet in E-Commerce
- Lowers entry barriers for selling diverse goods, enabling small businesses to thrive online.
- Forces established suppliers to adapt their business models for E-Commerce sustainability.
- Portals control employee access to applications in organizations.
Online Marketplace / Electronic Mall
- Provides websites for suppliers and customers to interact similarly to physical markets.
- E-Malls consist of multiple online shops accessible from a single site.
Virtual Community
- Serves as a platform for communication and experience exchange among members, raising questions about ownership and funding.
Information Broker
- Aggregates and provides product-related information, market data, and services while questioning neutrality and trustworthiness.
Transaction Broker
- Facilitates sales transactions, acting as agents for specific areas in business, hiding customer identities when necessary.
Online Service Provider
- Offers electronic services such as application software or ICT infrastructure, often through cloud technologies.
Business Net Types
- Business web agora aims to function as a marketplace for goods and services.
- Social networking services establish online relationships among like-minded individuals.
Technical and Economic Challenges
- Technical challenges include ensuring compatibility and defining interfaces among diverse ICT systems.
- Addresses security concerns for ICT systems, payment procedures, and protection of personal data.
- Economic challenges focus on management processes, participant trustworthiness, and standardization across business processes.
E-Commerce Actors and Stakeholders
- Consumers (C): Represent potential buyers or citizens in e-commerce contexts.
- Business Organizations (B): Include producers, suppliers, merchants, banks, insurance companies, and logistics firms, driving market transactions.
- Government Authorities (G/A): Encompass government entities and administrations influencing regulations and e-commerce frameworks.
- Additional Stakeholders: Include political parties, NGOs (e.g., Greenpeace, Red Cross), religious organizations, sports associations, and media, affecting public perception and policy.
Fundamental Sales Process
- Supplier-Customer Dynamic: The supplier provides goods/services, while the customer receives them, with the potential involvement of third parties like shipping agents in transactions.
Technological Elements in E-Commerce
- Portals: Serve as central access points for navigating virtual spaces, acting as interfaces between users and systems, crucial for e-commerce strategies.
- Categories of Portals:
- Horizontal Portals: Cater to several companies within the same economic sector.
- Vertical Portals (Vortals): Focus on niche markets or specific industries, known as vertical information portals (VIPs).
Content Management Systems (CMS)
- Definition: Software that enables management of digital content, allowing users to publish, edit, organize, and maintain website content from a central interface.
- Functionality Areas:
- Content Management Application (CMA): User-friendly front-end for content modification without needing a Webmaster.
- Content Delivery Application (CDA): Compiles and updates website content.
Web Application Server
- Definition: Software providing the runtime environment for server-side execution in client-server applications, typically utilizing web browsers as clients.
- Key Requirements:
- Data source encapsulation, interfaces to services, scalability, monitoring, management functions, and software lifecycle management.
Java EE and .NET
- Java EE: Offers an API and runtime environment for developing scalable enterprise applications, including network and web services.
- .NET: A proprietary Microsoft framework competing with Java EE, facilitating the development of enterprise and web applications.
E-Commerce Actors and Stakeholders
- Consumers (C): Represent potential buyers or citizens in e-commerce contexts.
- Business Organizations (B): Include producers, suppliers, merchants, banks, insurance companies, and logistics firms, driving market transactions.
- Government Authorities (G/A): Encompass government entities and administrations influencing regulations and e-commerce frameworks.
- Additional Stakeholders: Include political parties, NGOs (e.g., Greenpeace, Red Cross), religious organizations, sports associations, and media, affecting public perception and policy.
Fundamental Sales Process
- Supplier-Customer Dynamic: The supplier provides goods/services, while the customer receives them, with the potential involvement of third parties like shipping agents in transactions.
Technological Elements in E-Commerce
- Portals: Serve as central access points for navigating virtual spaces, acting as interfaces between users and systems, crucial for e-commerce strategies.
- Categories of Portals:
- Horizontal Portals: Cater to several companies within the same economic sector.
- Vertical Portals (Vortals): Focus on niche markets or specific industries, known as vertical information portals (VIPs).
Content Management Systems (CMS)
- Definition: Software that enables management of digital content, allowing users to publish, edit, organize, and maintain website content from a central interface.
- Functionality Areas:
- Content Management Application (CMA): User-friendly front-end for content modification without needing a Webmaster.
- Content Delivery Application (CDA): Compiles and updates website content.
Web Application Server
- Definition: Software providing the runtime environment for server-side execution in client-server applications, typically utilizing web browsers as clients.
- Key Requirements:
- Data source encapsulation, interfaces to services, scalability, monitoring, management functions, and software lifecycle management.
Java EE and .NET
- Java EE: Offers an API and runtime environment for developing scalable enterprise applications, including network and web services.
- .NET: A proprietary Microsoft framework competing with Java EE, facilitating the development of enterprise and web applications.
E-Commerce Actors and Stakeholders
- Consumers (C): Represent potential buyers or citizens in e-commerce contexts.
- Business Organizations (B): Include producers, suppliers, merchants, banks, insurance companies, and logistics firms, driving market transactions.
- Government Authorities (G/A): Encompass government entities and administrations influencing regulations and e-commerce frameworks.
- Additional Stakeholders: Include political parties, NGOs (e.g., Greenpeace, Red Cross), religious organizations, sports associations, and media, affecting public perception and policy.
Fundamental Sales Process
- Supplier-Customer Dynamic: The supplier provides goods/services, while the customer receives them, with the potential involvement of third parties like shipping agents in transactions.
Technological Elements in E-Commerce
- Portals: Serve as central access points for navigating virtual spaces, acting as interfaces between users and systems, crucial for e-commerce strategies.
- Categories of Portals:
- Horizontal Portals: Cater to several companies within the same economic sector.
- Vertical Portals (Vortals): Focus on niche markets or specific industries, known as vertical information portals (VIPs).
Content Management Systems (CMS)
- Definition: Software that enables management of digital content, allowing users to publish, edit, organize, and maintain website content from a central interface.
- Functionality Areas:
- Content Management Application (CMA): User-friendly front-end for content modification without needing a Webmaster.
- Content Delivery Application (CDA): Compiles and updates website content.
Web Application Server
- Definition: Software providing the runtime environment for server-side execution in client-server applications, typically utilizing web browsers as clients.
- Key Requirements:
- Data source encapsulation, interfaces to services, scalability, monitoring, management functions, and software lifecycle management.
Java EE and .NET
- Java EE: Offers an API and runtime environment for developing scalable enterprise applications, including network and web services.
- .NET: A proprietary Microsoft framework competing with Java EE, facilitating the development of enterprise and web applications.
B2C Business Overview
- Fundamental sales processes have variations due to diverse needs of customers and suppliers.
- Three main challenges in B2C business: pricing challenge, fulfilment challenge, and payment challenge.
- Digital business offers enhanced opportunities for customer insights and understanding.
Process Model Variants
- Buying via Internet presents complexities such as finding the right online shop, legal binding of orders, and process of consignment.
- Variants of the process include different customer starting points:
- Known product/service with a selected supplier
- Known product/service without a selected supplier
- Undefined product/service to be determined.
Process Steps
- Initiation Step involves customer and supplier initiating a transaction after deciding to conduct business together.
- Contract Conclusion Step requires both parties to agree on terms, where customer identification and documentation is essential.
- Delivery/Fulfilment Step involves compiling, sourcing, packaging, and shipping ordered goods, especially if items are out of stock.
- Billing/Invoicing Step occurs post-delivery confirmation, which may require invoice adjustments based on actual goods delivered.
- Service/Support Step emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction through effective complaints management and support services.
- Communication/Tracking & Tracing Step utilizes automated data capture methods (like RFID technology) to allow real-time order status monitoring.
E-Procurement
- E-Procurement refers to the purchasing process from the customer's perspective, where the buying organization seeks multiple suppliers.
- Acts as an inverse of an online shop by focusing on sourcing rather than selling.
Pricing Challenge
- First Pricing Strategy involves suppliers setting fixed prices leading to lower prices in e-commerce; however, increasing prices is challenging.
- Second Pricing Strategy utilizes auctions where competitive bidding among customers determines the price, dependent on supplier reputation for trustworthiness.
- Third Pricing Strategy allows for individual negotiation between customer and supplier, fostering customized agreements.
Fulfilment Challenge
- Delivering Real Goods requires logistics management, including decisions on in-house versus outsourcing delivery, company policy on short-term delivery, and international shipping intricacies.
- Delivering Digital Goods necessitates protecting the master copy against unauthorized copies, ensuring secure distribution methods.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
- CRM focuses on tracking and analyzing all firm-customer interactions to optimize sales volume, customer satisfaction, and loyalty.
- Key CRM processes include handling customer requests, problem resolution, managing complaints, and conducting service management.
Procurement Platform
- A procurement platform manages procurement processes, often integrated into ERP systems, aiding in purchase requisitions, orders, and invoice processing.
- Objectives include price reduction through centralization, minimizing procurement and warehousing costs, and ensuring just-in-time delivery.
- Functions encompass vendor management, e-tendering, e-auctioning, order integration, and contract management.
B2C Business Overview
- Fundamental sales processes have variations due to diverse needs of customers and suppliers.
- Three main challenges in B2C business: pricing challenge, fulfilment challenge, and payment challenge.
- Digital business offers enhanced opportunities for customer insights and understanding.
Process Model Variants
- Buying via Internet presents complexities such as finding the right online shop, legal binding of orders, and process of consignment.
- Variants of the process include different customer starting points:
- Known product/service with a selected supplier
- Known product/service without a selected supplier
- Undefined product/service to be determined.
Process Steps
- Initiation Step involves customer and supplier initiating a transaction after deciding to conduct business together.
- Contract Conclusion Step requires both parties to agree on terms, where customer identification and documentation is essential.
- Delivery/Fulfilment Step involves compiling, sourcing, packaging, and shipping ordered goods, especially if items are out of stock.
- Billing/Invoicing Step occurs post-delivery confirmation, which may require invoice adjustments based on actual goods delivered.
- Service/Support Step emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction through effective complaints management and support services.
- Communication/Tracking & Tracing Step utilizes automated data capture methods (like RFID technology) to allow real-time order status monitoring.
E-Procurement
- E-Procurement refers to the purchasing process from the customer's perspective, where the buying organization seeks multiple suppliers.
- Acts as an inverse of an online shop by focusing on sourcing rather than selling.
Pricing Challenge
- First Pricing Strategy involves suppliers setting fixed prices leading to lower prices in e-commerce; however, increasing prices is challenging.
- Second Pricing Strategy utilizes auctions where competitive bidding among customers determines the price, dependent on supplier reputation for trustworthiness.
- Third Pricing Strategy allows for individual negotiation between customer and supplier, fostering customized agreements.
Fulfilment Challenge
- Delivering Real Goods requires logistics management, including decisions on in-house versus outsourcing delivery, company policy on short-term delivery, and international shipping intricacies.
- Delivering Digital Goods necessitates protecting the master copy against unauthorized copies, ensuring secure distribution methods.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
- CRM focuses on tracking and analyzing all firm-customer interactions to optimize sales volume, customer satisfaction, and loyalty.
- Key CRM processes include handling customer requests, problem resolution, managing complaints, and conducting service management.
Procurement Platform
- A procurement platform manages procurement processes, often integrated into ERP systems, aiding in purchase requisitions, orders, and invoice processing.
- Objectives include price reduction through centralization, minimizing procurement and warehousing costs, and ensuring just-in-time delivery.
- Functions encompass vendor management, e-tendering, e-auctioning, order integration, and contract management.
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Description
Explore the essential attributes that define e-commerce, focusing on how it supports and accelerates business processes across organizational boundaries. Understand the potential for enhanced efficiencies and collaborations facilitated by modern e-commerce practices.
