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Questions and Answers
What is a potential indicator of Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?
What is a potential indicator of Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?
Which of the following is NOT part of the assessment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech?
Which of the following is NOT part of the assessment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech?
What is one of the main goals of treatment for children with CAS?
What is one of the main goals of treatment for children with CAS?
Which type of cues might be used in treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech?
Which type of cues might be used in treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech?
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Children with CAS may also experience difficulties with which of the following?
Children with CAS may also experience difficulties with which of the following?
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What is the primary characteristic of dyspraxia?
What is the primary characteristic of dyspraxia?
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Which of the following professionals can diagnose dyspraxia?
Which of the following professionals can diagnose dyspraxia?
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What is a key factor in diagnosing dyspraxia?
What is a key factor in diagnosing dyspraxia?
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Which therapy focuses on breaking down movements into smaller steps for dyspraxia patients?
Which therapy focuses on breaking down movements into smaller steps for dyspraxia patients?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dyspraxia?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dyspraxia?
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What is the nature of the motor speech disorder known as Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?
What is the nature of the motor speech disorder known as Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?
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When do the symptoms of dyspraxia typically onset?
When do the symptoms of dyspraxia typically onset?
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What type of coordination does dyspraxia primarily affect?
What type of coordination does dyspraxia primarily affect?
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What is dyspraxia primarily characterized by?
What is dyspraxia primarily characterized by?
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Which type of dyspraxia is related to challenges with speech and language?
Which type of dyspraxia is related to challenges with speech and language?
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Which of the following activities would be most challenging for a child with motor dyspraxia?
Which of the following activities would be most challenging for a child with motor dyspraxia?
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What is the main difference between dyspraxia and apraxia?
What is the main difference between dyspraxia and apraxia?
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Which sign could indicate motor dyspraxia in babies and toddlers?
Which sign could indicate motor dyspraxia in babies and toddlers?
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Which term best describes the inability to draw or copy simple diagrams?
Which term best describes the inability to draw or copy simple diagrams?
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What classification system includes developmental coordination disorder (DCD) as a motor disorder?
What classification system includes developmental coordination disorder (DCD) as a motor disorder?
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Which type of dyspraxia affects complicated tasks requiring a sequence of events?
Which type of dyspraxia affects complicated tasks requiring a sequence of events?
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Study Notes
Dyspraxia Overview
- Dyspraxia is a neurological disorder impacting an individual's ability to plan and execute motor tasks.
- Praxis is the capacity to conceptualize, plan, and organize movements to complete motor tasks.
- Dyspraxia results in partial loss of the ability to perform a movement accurately.
- Apraxia represents a complete loss of the ability to perform a movement despite understanding the command and willingness to complete the task.
Synonyms for Dyspraxia
- Developmental dyspraxia
- Perceptual motor difficulties
- Minor neurologic dysfunction (MND)
- Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
Types of Dyspraxia
- Motor Dyspraxia (limb-kinetic apraxia): Inability to perform precise movements with limbs (e.g., writing, dressing, climbing stairs).
- Verbal Dyspraxia (Childhood apraxia of speech): Difficulty with speech and language.
- Oral Dyspraxia: Difficulties with mouth and tongue movements, potentially impacting eating and swallowing.
- Constructional apraxia: Inability to draw, copy or construct simple shapes or diagrams.
- Ideational dyspraxia: Difficulty performing complex tasks requiring sequential steps (e.g., cooking, setting a table).
- Ideomotor dyspraxia: Inability to perform simple, repetitive movements (e.g., waving, picking up objects).
Symptoms (Gross and Fine Motor)
- Gross Motor: Difficulty with getting dressed, balance, coordination, physical issues.
- Fine Motor: Challenges with handwriting, dressing, manipulation, buttons, shoelaces.
Symptoms (Cognitive and Communication)
- Concentration: Poor memory, easily distracted, limited focus, difficulty listening.
- Communication: Immature speech, words muddled.
- Classroom Difficulties: Difficulty organizing thoughts, poor listening skills, impacted by background noise, difficulty copying from board.
- Organisational: Finds planning tricky, struggles with tasks that require organization or sequencing.
Clinical Picture (Babies and Toddlers)
- Delayed developmental milestones.
- Difficulty playing with toys requiring coordination (e.g., blocks, puzzles).
- Difficulty learning to use utensils (e.g., spoons, forks).
Clinical Picture (Older Children)
- Difficulty with walking (stairs, balance).
- Clumsy, frequent falls.
- Challenges with sports and activities requiring coordination (e.g., bicycle riding, catching or throwing).
- Difficulty managing tasks such as writing, drawing, cutting, dressing, or fastening clothing.
Diagnosis
- DSM-5 classifies Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting motor coordination.
- Difficulty executing coordinated movements below expected levels for age.
- Clumsiness, slowness, inaccuracies in motor skills impact daily life (self-care, academics, leisure).
- Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period.
- Other conditions (intellectual disability, visual impairment, motor disorders) are ruled out.
- Clinical psychologist, pediatrician, phoniatrician, or physical therapist assesses developmental milestones, intellectual ability, gross and fine motor skills.
Treatment
- No cure for dyspraxia.
- Task-oriented intervention, focuses on identifying and addressing specific tasks causing difficulties through breaking movements down into smaller steps.
- Physical therapy can improve motor skills and coordination.
- Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) strategies (e.g., gestures, picture boards, computers) may support communication.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)
- Motor speech disorder causing poor speech sound production.
- Difficulty coordinating the muscles needed to produce speech.
- Unpredictable speech patterns, may not consistently say words in the same manner, may stress the wrong part of a word.
- Distorts or alters sounds, shorter words are often easier to produce than longer ones.
Aeitology of CAS
- Unknown cause, but potential factors include brain damage (genetic disorders, stroke, trauma), or syndromes.
Assessment for CAS
- Assess child's oral-motor skills.
- Evaluate speech melody (intonation).
- Assess speech sounds, syllables, and words.
- Examine mental abilities and receptive language.
Treatment for CAS
- Plan specific movements required for speech production.
- Practice producing the movements effectively.
- Utilize sensory cues (touch, visual, auditory) during practice.
- Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) may assist with communication.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of dyspraxia, a neurological disorder affecting motor task execution. It discusses its synonyms, types, and specific challenges faced by individuals with different forms of dyspraxia. Test your understanding of this complex condition!
