11 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
Which part of the body is primarily affected in oral dysphagia?
Mouth
What is a common symptom of pharyngeal dysphagia?
Coughing or gagging when swallowing
Which of the following can cause esophageal dysphagia?
Disruption in normal motility
What type of dysphagia can be due to tongue weakness after a stroke?
Oral dysphagia
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with dysphagia?
Recurrent sneezing
What assessment methods can be used to diagnose dysphagia?
Questioning the patient about symptoms
Which type of therapy may be beneficial for oral dysphagia?
Speech and swallowing therapy
What treatment approach might be recommended for pharyngeal dysphagia?
Changes in diet and swallowing exercises
In cases of severe dysphagia, what intervention might be necessary to provide nutrients?
Feeding tube
Which type of dysphagia may require surgical procedures for treatment?
Esophageal dysphagia
Study Notes
Dysphagia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Dysphagia is a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing, which can lead to several complications, including dehydration and malnutrition. It is more common in older people and infants and is usually caused by nerve or muscle problems. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for dysphagia.
Causes
The causes of dysphagia can be categorized into oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal dysphagia.
Oral Dysphagia (High Dysphagia)
Oral dysphagia occurs due to issues in the mouth, such as tongue weakness after a stroke, difficulty chewing food, or problems transporting food from the mouth.
Pharyngeal Dysphagia
Pharyngeal dysphagia involves issues in the throat, often caused by neurological problems or damage to the nerves, such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Esophageal Dysphagia (Low Dysphagia)
Esophageal dysphagia arises after the swallow and can be caused by intrinsic structural pathology, extrinsic compression, or disruption in normal motility.
Symptoms
Symptoms of dysphagia include difficulty swallowing solids, liquids, or both; choking when eating; coughing or gagging when swallowing; drooling; food or stomach acid backing up into the throat; recurrent heartburn; hoarseness; a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest; unexplained weight loss; and bringing food back up.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing dysphagia requires a structured assessment to identify functional, neurologic, inflammatory, and malignant causes. Evaluation methods include questioning the patient about symptoms, swallow studies, barium swallow tests, and endoscopies.
Treatment Options
Treatment for dysphagia depends on the underlying cause. For oral dysphagia, speech and swallowing therapy may be helpful. Pharyngeal dysphagia often requires a combination of treatments, such as changes in diet, positioning during meals, and swallowing exercises. Esophageal dysphagia may necessitate surgical procedures.
In some cases, severe dysphagia may require a feeding tube to provide nutrients without the need to swallow.
Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia as an interdisciplinary clinical problem.
Olszewski J. Otolaryngol Pol. 2006; 60(4):491-500.
Learn about dysphagia, a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing, its causes such as oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal dysphagia, symptoms like choking and hoarseness, diagnostic methods including swallow studies and barium swallow tests, and treatment options such as speech therapy and surgical procedures.
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