Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of assessing the gag reflex?
What is the primary purpose of assessing the gag reflex?
- To check for complete absence which is a good sign
- To ensure airway protection (correct)
- To evaluate vocal quality
- To stimulate swallowing
During a swallowing trial, which consistency should be introduced first?
During a swallowing trial, which consistency should be introduced first?
- Thin fluids (correct)
- Regular food
- Dysphagia pureed
- Honey thick
Which of the following signs may indicate penetration or aspiration during swallowing?
Which of the following signs may indicate penetration or aspiration during swallowing?
- Dry swallowing
- Rapid tongue movements
- Normal voice quality
- Wheezing without asthma (correct)
What measurement indicates normal elevation of the larynx during a dry swallow?
What measurement indicates normal elevation of the larynx during a dry swallow?
What is the appropriate reaction to observe during a swallowing trial that could indicate a problem?
What is the appropriate reaction to observe during a swallowing trial that could indicate a problem?
What can be a sign of aspiration after swallowing?
What can be a sign of aspiration after swallowing?
Which form of food should be introduced second during a swallowing trial?
Which form of food should be introduced second during a swallowing trial?
What is NOT a factor that contributes to the seriousness of aspiration?
What is NOT a factor that contributes to the seriousness of aspiration?
What is the average number of times a person swallows while awake?
What is the average number of times a person swallows while awake?
What is the primary purpose of a dysphagia assessment conducted by an SLP?
What is the primary purpose of a dysphagia assessment conducted by an SLP?
Which cranial nerve is NOT necessary for the initial push of the bolus during swallowing?
Which cranial nerve is NOT necessary for the initial push of the bolus during swallowing?
What percentage of stroke patients are known to develop dysphagia?
What percentage of stroke patients are known to develop dysphagia?
Which of the following professionals is NOT part of the multidisciplinary team involved in dysphagia management?
Which of the following professionals is NOT part of the multidisciplinary team involved in dysphagia management?
What outcome does a screening of dysphagia aim to achieve?
What outcome does a screening of dysphagia aim to achieve?
What is the term used to describe difficulty with chewing and swallowing?
What is the term used to describe difficulty with chewing and swallowing?
Which type of skills is NOT involved in the swallowing process?
Which type of skills is NOT involved in the swallowing process?
What is the least involved method for assessing dysphagia?
What is the least involved method for assessing dysphagia?
In what settings is dysphagia most prevalent?
In what settings is dysphagia most prevalent?
Which clinical assessment component focuses on the patient’s physical examination related to swallowing?
Which clinical assessment component focuses on the patient’s physical examination related to swallowing?
What is an important consequence of undetected dysphagia?
What is an important consequence of undetected dysphagia?
How long does it typically take for liquid to pass through the pharynx during normal swallowing?
How long does it typically take for liquid to pass through the pharynx during normal swallowing?
Which population is least likely to develop dysphagia?
Which population is least likely to develop dysphagia?
What is the main outcome expected from a comprehensive clinical assessment for patients suspected of dysphagia?
What is the main outcome expected from a comprehensive clinical assessment for patients suspected of dysphagia?
Who is primarily responsible for conducting dysphagia assessments after screening has indicated the need?
Who is primarily responsible for conducting dysphagia assessments after screening has indicated the need?
What is the primary purpose of instructing a patient to turn their head toward the weaker side during swallowing?
What is the primary purpose of instructing a patient to turn their head toward the weaker side during swallowing?
Which swallowing rehabilitation exercise specifically targets increasing airway protection?
Which swallowing rehabilitation exercise specifically targets increasing airway protection?
What is the main benefit of performing the Effortful Swallow exercise?
What is the main benefit of performing the Effortful Swallow exercise?
In what scenario would a head tilt be used as a compensation strategy?
In what scenario would a head tilt be used as a compensation strategy?
What is the goal of diet modification in swallowing therapy?
What is the goal of diet modification in swallowing therapy?
What is the main purpose of dysphagia management?
What is the main purpose of dysphagia management?
Which of the following is a characteristic of compensatory strategies in dysphagia management?
Which of the following is a characteristic of compensatory strategies in dysphagia management?
Which instrumental assessment tool is conducted by a trained speech-language pathologist?
Which instrumental assessment tool is conducted by a trained speech-language pathologist?
What does videofluoroscopy allow healthcare professionals to observe?
What does videofluoroscopy allow healthcare professionals to observe?
What is a primary indication for performing an instrumental assessment in patients with dysphagia?
What is a primary indication for performing an instrumental assessment in patients with dysphagia?
Which of the following best describes the 'chin tuck' strategy used in dysphagia management?
Which of the following best describes the 'chin tuck' strategy used in dysphagia management?
Which of the following is NOT a main option for managing dysphagia?
Which of the following is NOT a main option for managing dysphagia?
How is the 'stronger' side determined for compensatory techniques in dysphagia management?
How is the 'stronger' side determined for compensatory techniques in dysphagia management?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Normal Swallowing
- Swallowing transfers food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach, essential for nutrition and hydration.
- Involves over 50 pairs of muscles, highlighting its complexity.
- An average person swallows 500-700 times daily, with fewer occurrences during sleep.
Skills for Effective Swallowing
- Motor skills involve moving facial, mouth, and throat muscles.
- Sensory skills are necessary for detecting food and fluid in the mouth and throat.
- Cognitive skills enable recognition of food and the decision to open the mouth for swallowing.
- Combines voluntary control with involuntary reflexes for safety.
Cranial Nerves and Swallowing
- Various cranial nerves facilitate essential functions like biting, chewing, and the initial push of the bolus.
Abnormal Swallowing (Dysphagia)
- Dysphagia, derived from Greek terms meaning "difficulty to eat," denotes challenges or inability in swallowing.
- Includes a range of issues like discomfort while eating and difficulties with chewing or controlling saliva.
Prevalence of Dysphagia
- Affects 1 in 17 people in their lifetime.
- Prevalent in stroke patients (50-75%), head and neck cancer patients (60-70%), and up to 90% of those with neurological disorders.
- Increases with age and is notably common in acute care and aged care facilities.
- Requires a multidisciplinary approach with professionals from various medical fields.
Role of Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs)
- SLPs are key in diagnosing and managing dysphagia at oral and pharyngeal stages.
- Evaluates presence, severity, safety of eating, and recommends interventions and referrals.
Assessment Hierarchy
- Screening for initial suspicion of dysphagia.
- Clinical swallowing assessments.
- Instrumental assessments using methods like videofluoroscopy and endoscopy.
Screening of Dysphagia
- Aims to identify dysphagia presence and necessity for further assessment.
- Conducted as a pass/fail procedure; integrates questionnaires and observational assessments.
- Early detection can mitigate complications like increased illness risk and longer hospital stays.
Clinical Assessment Components
- Involves examination of medical history, oral motor capabilities, and clinical signs of dysphagia.
- Assessment of gag reflex and general oral observations are crucial.
Observations During Swallowing Trials
- Monitor patient’s avoidance behavior, spillage, tongue movement, and overall feeding patterns.
- Listen for signs of aspiration like coughs and wet voice quality.
Penetration and Aspiration
- Defined as food or liquid entering the larynx or airway at different stages of swallowing.
- Factors influencing aspiration severity include quantity and properties of aspirated substances.
Indications for Instrumental Assessment
- Persistent coughing, sensation of food getting stuck, or recurrent aspiration pneumonia warrant further investigation.
Instrumental Tools for Dysphagia Assessment
- Endoscopy (FEES) allows visualization of swallowing via the nasal cavity.
- Videofluoroscopy provides radiographic imaging during swallowing for detailed analysis of airway function.
Management of Dysphagia
- Tailored management integrates patient history and assessment findings.
- Aims to ensure nutritional safety, protect the airway, and maintain quality of life.
Approaches to Dysphagia Management
- Compensatory strategies for immediate safety.
- Rehabilitation exercises aimed at long-term swallowing improvement.
- Dietary modifications to ensure safe food and fluid consistency.
Compensatory Strategies
- Techniques such as chin tuck and head turn direct bolus flow to stronger oral sides.
- Each strategy targets specific swallowing deficiencies, such as delayed initiation or unilateral weakness.
Swallowing Rehabilitation
- Exercises like supraglottic swallow and effortful swallow promote long-term physiological improvements.
- Involves practices to enhance muscle function and airway protection during swallowing.
Diet Modification
- Altering food and fluid textures is crucial to ensure safe consumption for dysphagic patients.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
