Questions and Answers
What is the maximum size of an item in DynamoDB?
What type of database is DynamoDB?
What is the benefit of using DynamoDB?
How many geographically distributed replicas of each table are stored in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of IAM condition in DynamoDB?
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What is the storage type used in DynamoDB?
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What happens to the main table if writes are throttled on the GSI?
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What is the primary benefit of using DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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What is the purpose of Read Capacity Units (RCUs) and Write Capacity Units (WCUs) in DynamoDB?
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What is the key difference between DynamoDB On-Demand Capacity and Provisioned Capacity?
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What is the purpose of DynamoDB's Time To Live (TTL) feature?
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What happens when the configured RCU or WCU are exceeded in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of the 'ProjectionExpression' parameter in the Scan API?
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What is the primary difference between eventually consistent reads and strongly consistent reads in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of DynamoDB transactions?
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Which of the following is NOT a valid use case for DynamoDB Transactions?
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What is the primary function of the 'FilterExpression' parameter in the Scan API?
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What is a 'Partition' in DynamoDB, and how does it affect performance?
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What is required to obtain a strongly consistent read in a query operation?
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What is the primary difference between a Scan and a Query operation in DynamoDB?
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What is a characteristic of a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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Which parameter must be set to reverse the order of query results?
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What is the advantage of using a Global Secondary Index (GSI)?
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What is one optimization technique to improve the performance of query or scan operations?
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What is the primary purpose of enabling TTL in DynamoDB?
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Which feature allows applications to access a log of item-level modifications in DynamoDB?
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What happens to deleted items in DynamoDB after TTL expiration?
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When using exponential backoff, what do the retry intervals do?
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Which API operations can be used to enable or modify a DynamoDB Stream?
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What is a recommended practice when working with large objects in DynamoDB?
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What must be true for strongly consistent reads and writes in DynamoDB global tables?
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What feature of DynamoDB global tables allows for low-latency data access for globally dispersed users?
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What happens if the provisioned capacity for a DynamoDB table becomes zero?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using DynamoDB over RDS?
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What should be identical for proper replication in DynamoDB global tables?
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DynamoDB global tables are ideal for which type of applications?
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What type of reads does DynamoDB support in applications that only read data from one region?
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In a scenario where DynamoDB cannot be used, what is the suggested alternative?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB Global Tables is correct?
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What should you consider if using RDS to ensure data protection against failures?
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What is the primary reason for specifying the same or more RCU/WCU in a GSI as in the main table?
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What is the benefit of using DynamoDB Provisioned Capacity with Auto Scaling?
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What is the purpose of DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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What happens when the configured RCU or WCU are exceeded in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of DynamoDB Time To Live (TTL)?
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What is the primary difference between DynamoDB On-Demand Capacity and Provisioned Capacity?
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What is one key benefit of using a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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How does a Global Secondary Index (GSI) differ from a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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What does a scan operation do in comparison to a query operation?
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What parameter must be set for a query to return a strongly consistent read?
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Which option describes the proper use of the ProjectionExpression parameter in a query?
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What is a recommended approach to improve the efficiency of scan operations in DynamoDB?
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What is the main function of partitions in DynamoDB?
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Which scenario could lead to throttled requests on a single partition key value?
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What parameter must be set to perform a strongly consistent read in DynamoDB operations?
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What is a key aspect of the transaction write API in DynamoDB?
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Which operation is known to consume a significant amount of Read Capacity Units in DynamoDB?
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What is the benefit of using eventually consistent reads by default in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary way that DynamoDB ensures high availability and data durability?
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Which of the following accurately describes the nature of data storage in DynamoDB?
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Which statement is true regarding DynamoDB's ability to manage access control?
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What is a key limitation concerning the size of items stored in DynamoDB?
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Which feature allows for the automatic scaling of DynamoDB without downtime?
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In which case is DynamoDB considered a non-ideal choice?
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What is the primary purpose of using Exponential Backoff in AWS SDKs?
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Which statement about DynamoDB Streams is accurate?
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What action is taken by DynamoDB when an item is expired based on TTL settings?
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What is a recommended best practice when managing large objects in DynamoDB?
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What does optimistic locking prevent in DynamoDB?
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What occurs when a request is throttled in DynamoDB?
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What condition must be met for strongly consistent reads in DynamoDB global tables?
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Which of the following statements is true about replica tables in DynamoDB global tables?
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What happens to DynamoDB auto scaling when the consumed capacity of a table becomes zero?
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When using DynamoDB, which scenario requires careful consideration regarding high availability?
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What is a primary benefit of using global tables for massively scaled applications?
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Which statement about Amazon DynamoDB's regional replication is accurate?
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How does DynamoDB auto scaling respond to sudden increases in traffic?
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If an application uses eventually consistent reads with DynamoDB, what implications does it have for data location?
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What is one reason to prefer DynamoDB over RDS for high availability solutions?
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Which of the following features is NOT available in DynamoDB global tables?
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What is the primary benefit of using a Global Secondary Index (GSI) in DynamoDB?
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What happens when a Scan operation is performed on a large table in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of setting the ConsistentRead parameter to true in a Scan operation?
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What is the key difference between a Local Secondary Index (LSI) and a Global Secondary Index (GSI) in DynamoDB?
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What is one optimization technique to improve the performance of query or scan operations in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary difference between a Scan and a Query operation in DynamoDB?
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What happens when your DynamoDB access pattern exceeds the provisioned throughput for a single partition key value?
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What is the primary difference between eventually consistent reads and strongly consistent reads in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of DynamoDB Transactions?
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What is the primary purpose of the 'ProjectionExpression' parameter in the Scan API?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB Global Tables is correct?
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Which of the following operations can be used to enable or modify a DynamoDB Stream?
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Which statement is TRUE regarding DynamoDB's Provisioned Capacity mode and Auto Scaling?
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What is the primary purpose of DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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What is a key difference between DynamoDB's On-Demand Capacity and Provisioned Capacity modes?
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If the provisioned capacity for a DynamoDB table is exceeded, what error might you encounter?
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Which statement accurately describes the relationship between write capacity units (WCUs) and replicated write capacity units (rWCUs) in DynamoDB?
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What is a common reason to encounter throttling in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using Exponential Backoff for DynamoDB requests?
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What is the primary function of a DynamoDB stream?
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What happens to expired items in DynamoDB when TTL is enabled?
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Which of the following is a recommended practice for handling large objects in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary benefit of using Optimistic Locking in DynamoDB?
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When using DynamoDB, how can you improve the performance of read operations for infrequently changed data?
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Which of the following describes the structure of items in DynamoDB?
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What is a characteristic of the data storage in DynamoDB?
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Which access control method is utilized by DynamoDB?
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What happens to items larger than 400KB in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following describes the scaling capabilities of DynamoDB?
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What benefit does the multi-AZ architecture of DynamoDB provide?
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What is the primary purpose of DynamoDB global tables?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB global tables is correct?
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What is the primary benefit of using DynamoDB auto scaling for global tables?
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When considering high availability approaches for databases, why is DynamoDB preferred over RDS?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using DynamoDB over RDS?
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What must be true for strongly consistent reads and writes in DynamoDB global tables?
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What is the primary reason for specifying the same or more RCU/WCU in a GSI as in the main table?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB Auto Scaling is correct?
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In a scenario where DynamoDB cannot be used, what is the suggested alternative for a highly available database?
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What should you consider if using RDS to ensure data protection against failures?
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What is the key characteristic of a schema-less database like DynamoDB?
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What is the benefit of using Multi-AZ redundancy in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary use case for DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of IAM in DynamoDB?
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What is the benefit of using push-button scaling in DynamoDB?
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What is the data structure supported by DynamoDB?
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What is the main difference between a Scan and a Query operation in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of an Index in DynamoDB?
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What is the advantage of using a Global Secondary Index (GSI) over a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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What is the effect of setting the ConsistentRead parameter to true in a Scan operation?
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What is the purpose of setting a smaller page size in a Query or Scan operation?
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What is the characteristic of a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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What happens when the provisioned throughput for a single partition key value exceeds 3000 RCU or 1000 WCU?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB transactions is TRUE?
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How can you improve the performance of a Scan operation on a large table?
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Which of the following is NOT a best practice for optimizing partition keys in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary purpose of the 'Segment' and 'TotalSegments' parameters in the Scan API?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB eventually consistent reads is TRUE?
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What is the primary purpose of the StreamViewType parameter in the DynamoDB Stream configuration?
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Which of the following scenarios is NOT a recommended best practice for optimizing DynamoDB performance?
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When a DynamoDB request is throttled due to exceeding provisioned capacity, what HTTP status code is returned?
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How does DynamoDB ensure data consistency during concurrent writes to the same item?
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What is the primary function of DynamoDB streams?
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What is the primary purpose of Exponential Backoff when retrying failed requests in the AWS SDK?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB On-Demand Capacity is TRUE?
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In DynamoDB, what happens when the configured RCU or WCU are exceeded?
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Which of the following is a key advantage of using DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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What is the primary purpose of DynamoDB Time To Live (TTL)?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB Global Secondary Indexes (GSIs) is TRUE?
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What is a major consideration when using provisioned capacity for a DynamoDB table with a Global Secondary Index (GSI)?
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Which of the following is a benefit of using DynamoDB over RDS?
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When using DynamoDB Global Tables, what happens to provisioned capacity when the workload decreases?
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What is a recommended alternative to DynamoDB if it cannot be used for a database deployment?
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What is the primary purpose of specifying identical write capacity settings for each replica table and secondary index within a DynamoDB Global Table?
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Which statement accurately describes the behavior of DynamoDB Global Tables with regards to strongly consistent reads?
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Which of the following is NOT a valid use case for DynamoDB Global Tables?
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What is the primary difference between eventually consistent reads and strongly consistent reads in DynamoDB Global Tables?
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Which of the following is a recommended approach for achieving high availability (HA) when deploying a database on EC2 instances?
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What is the primary benefit of using DynamoDB Auto Scaling for provisioned capacity?
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In a DynamoDB Global Table, what happens if the provisioned capacity for a table becomes zero?
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What is the primary purpose of using Exponential Backoff in DynamoDB?
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What happens to deleted items in DynamoDB after TTL expiration?
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What is the benefit of using a dedicated endpoint for DynamoDB Streams?
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What is a recommended practice when working with large objects in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary purpose of Optimistic Locking in DynamoDB?
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What is the primary benefit of using DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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What is the primary benefit of using DynamoDB global tables for massively scaled applications?
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What is a requirement for strongly consistent reads in a DynamoDB global table?
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What happens if the provisioned capacity for a DynamoDB table becomes zero?
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What is the primary reason for specifying the same write capacity settings for each replica table in a DynamoDB global table?
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What is the benefit of using DynamoDB auto scaling for a table or a global secondary index?
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In a scenario where DynamoDB cannot be used, what is the suggested alternative?
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What is the primary difference between eventually consistent reads and strongly consistent reads in DynamoDB?
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What should be identical for proper replication in DynamoDB global tables?
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What is the purpose of frequent RDS snapshots?
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What is the primary benefit of using DynamoDB over RDS?
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You are working on a DynamoDB table with a Global Secondary Index (GSI) that experiences frequent write throttling. What is the most likely cause of this throttling, and what is the recommended solution?
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Your application uses DynamoDB's On-Demand Capacity mode and experiences a sudden surge in write requests. Which statement best describes the impact of this surge on your application and costs?
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Which scenario would benefit the most from using DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for a DynamoDB table?
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You are designing a DynamoDB table that will store frequently updated customer profiles, with a requirement for low latency reads for displaying customer information on a web application. Which DynamoDB feature would be most effective in improving the read performance for this use case?
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You have a DynamoDB table with a Global Secondary Index (GSI) that is experiencing write throttling. You have increased the provisioned write capacity units (WCUs) for the GSI to address this issue. What potential consequence should you be aware of regarding the main table?
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You are using DynamoDB's Provisioned Capacity mode for your application. Your application experiences a sudden and unexpected spike in write requests, exceeding the provisioned write capacity units (WCUs). Which of the following statements accurately describes the immediate impact on your application?
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What happens when you set the ConsistentRead parameter to true during a query operation?
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Which option describes a key difference between a Local Secondary Index (LSI) and a Global Secondary Index (GSI)?
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What is the primary reason to avoid using scan operations on large tables?
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When using the ProjectionExpression parameter in a query, what effect does it have?
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In what situation should you consider using parallel scans in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following statements regarding the usage of indexes in DynamoDB is correct?
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What happens if your read requests exceed 3000 RCU for a single partition key value in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following statements about partition management in DynamoDB is correct?
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What is the primary function of the transaction write API in DynamoDB?
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In DynamoDB, what is the effect of using the ProjectionExpression parameter during a Scan operation?
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How does DynamoDB handle strongly consistent reads compared to eventually consistent reads?
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What is required for an item in a DynamoDB table that uses a composite primary key?
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In what scenario would Amazon DynamoDB be considered a suitable option for a specific database solution?
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What is the primary reason why Amazon DynamoDB might not be an ideal choice for a database that requires granular access control based on user roles and permissions?
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Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies an anti-pattern for using Amazon DynamoDB as a primary database solution?
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What is a critical consideration when deciding whether to use Amazon DynamoDB for an application that requires storing large objects exceeding the 400KB item size limit?
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In a scenario where an application requires a database solution that prioritizes high availability and data durability, with a strong emphasis on ensuring that all writes are reflected consistently across multiple geographical regions, which of the following would be the most suitable approach?
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Which statement accurately describes a key difference between Amazon DynamoDB's Local Secondary Indexes (LSIs) and Global Secondary Indexes (GSIs)?
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What is the primary resource in DynamoDB?
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What is the main advantage of using DynamoDB's push button scaling?
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What is the purpose of Multi-AZ redundancy in DynamoDB?
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What type of data structures does DynamoDB support?
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What is the purpose of IAM in DynamoDB?
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What is the characteristic of a key-value database in DynamoDB?
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What is the main difference between a Scan and a Query operation in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of a Local Secondary Index (LSI) in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Global Secondary Index (GSI)?
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Which of the following is NOT a valid parameter to optimize query or scan operations in DynamoDB?
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What parameter must be set for a query to return strongly consistent reads?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference between eventually consistent reads and strongly consistent reads in DynamoDB?
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What is the main reason to specify at least the same, or more, RCU/WCU in a GSI as in the main table?
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Which of the following is a benefit of using DynamoDB Provisioned Capacity with Auto Scaling?
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What is the primary purpose of DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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What is the main difference between DynamoDB On-Demand Capacity and Provisioned Capacity?
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What is one key benefit of using a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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How does a Global Secondary Index (GSI) differ from a Local Secondary Index (LSI)?
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What is the primary purpose of primary keys in DynamoDB?
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What happens to throughput if access patterns exceed the limits for a single partition key value?
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Which type of read is configured by default in DynamoDB?
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What is one major advantage of using the TransactWriteItems operation in DynamoDB?
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What is required to execute a parallel Scan operation in DynamoDB?
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Which factor does DynamoDB use to distribute read and write capacity efficiently?
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What benefit does TTL provide in DynamoDB?
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What primary data does DynamoDB Streams capture?
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What happens if an application exceeds the provisioned throughput in DynamoDB?
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What is the purpose of Exponential Backoff in AWS SDKs?
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Which of the following is a best practice when manipulating large objects in DynamoDB?
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What does optimistic locking protect against in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of DynamoDB global tables?
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What is the primary purpose of DynamoDB Auto Scaling?
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Which database option is recommended for high availability if DynamoDB is not feasible?
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When is it necessary to modify your application for DynamoDB global tables?
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What is a significant advantage of using DynamoDB over RDS for high availability?
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Which of the following actions is NOT supported in DynamoDB global tables?
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Which of the following statements about DynamoDB Auto Scaling is correct?
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What is the primary reason for specifying identical write capacity settings for replica tables and secondary indexes in a global table?
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Which of the following scenarios would NOT require a modification to your application when using DynamoDB global tables?
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Which of the following is the MOST reliable approach for database high availability when DynamoDB is not an option?
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What is the primary advantage of using a Local Secondary Index (LSI) in DynamoDB?
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Which statement regarding query operations in DynamoDB is incorrect?
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What happens to the main table if writes are throttled on a Global Secondary Index (GSI)?
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What is a significant drawback of using the Scan operation in DynamoDB as opposed to the Query operation?
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Why is it recommended to have the same or more RCU/WCU specified in your GSI as in your main table?
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Why might you want to avoid parallel scans when using a DynamoDB table that is experiencing heavy read/write activity?
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In which scenario is DynamoDB On-Demand Capacity a more suitable choice than Provisioned Capacity?
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What is the primary purpose of enabling Time To Live (TTL) in DynamoDB?
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Which statement is true regarding Global Secondary Indexes (GSIs) in DynamoDB?
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What happens if you do not set the 'ScanIndexForward' parameter for a query operation in DynamoDB?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended best practice for optimizing DynamoDB performance?
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What is the primary function of DynamoDB Time To Live (TTL) feature?
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In the context of DynamoDB, what is the primary difference between a Local Secondary Index (LSI) and a Global Secondary Index (GSI)?
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What is the primary purpose of DynamoDB Streams?
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Which of the following scenarios would benefit the MOST from using DynamoDB On-Demand Capacity?
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Which of the following is NOT a valid use case for DynamoDB Transactions?
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What happens to a DynamoDB table when the provisioned capacity for the table is exhausted?
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Which statement describes the data organization structure in Amazon DynamoDB?
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What feature allows DynamoDB to ensure high availability and durability of data?
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What limitation exists when working with items in DynamoDB?
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Which access control mechanism does DynamoDB solely rely on for authorization?
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How can data be efficiently stored in DynamoDB when it exceeds the maximum item size limit?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects DynamoDB's data storage and access model?
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What is a crucial factor for DynamoDB when allocating additional partitions to a table?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the Scan operation in DynamoDB?
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In which scenarios is it essential to use a strongly consistent read in DynamoDB?
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What is the effect of using a Composite key in DynamoDB?
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What occurs during the transaction process in DynamoDB?
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What can negatively impact DynamoDB's throughput for a single partition key value?
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What is the effect of using strongly consistent reads across different AWS regions in DynamoDB global tables?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the replication capabilities of DynamoDB global tables?
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When provisioning capacity for DynamoDB global tables, what should be ensured for proper operation?
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In what scenario does DynamoDB auto scaling NOT decrease the provisioned capacity?
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Which of the following alternatives is suggested if DynamoDB is not a viable option?
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What is one key limitation of the DynamoDB auto scaling process?
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Which characteristic makes DynamoDB a preferable choice over RDS in database architectures?
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When a global table is created in DynamoDB, what significant task does DynamoDB automatically perform?
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What happens to provisioned capacity when sudden traffic increases occur in a DynamoDB table?
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For which data access requirements are DynamoDB global tables particularly beneficial?
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Study Notes
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
Amazon DynamoDB Overview
- Fully managed NoSQL database service offering fast, predictable performance with seamless scalability.
- Stores three geographically distributed replicas of each table to ensure high availability and data durability.
- Synchronously replicates data across 3 facilities (Availability Zones) in a region.
Database Characteristics
- Schema-less and non-relational, functioning as a key-value and document database.
- Serverless architecture; no instances to provision or manage.
- Supports push button scaling to adjust database capacity without downtime.
Data Storage
- Data stored on SSDs, providing very low latency.
- Aggregate size of a single item is limited to 400KB, including keys and attributes.
- Can store pointers to S3 objects exceeding 400KB.
Data Structure
- Tables consist of items; items are composed of attributes (fields/columns).
- Primary keys determine how data is stored and retrieved:
- Partition key: A unique attribute (e.g., user ID).
- Composite key: Combination of partition key and sort key.
Partitions
- Data is stored in partitions, automatically managed by DynamoDB.
- Throttling may occur if access patterns exceed 3,000 read capacity units (RCUs) or 1,000 write capacity units (WCUs) for a single partition key value.
Consistency Models
- Two reading consistency types:
- Eventually consistent reads: Default mode, offers lower latency.
- Strongly consistent reads: Ensures the latest data, configurable via API parameters.
Transactions
- Supports ACID transactions for coordinated changes across multiple items and tables.
- Uses a transaction write API for grouped operations.
API Operations
-
Scan: Reads items and attributes by examining the entire table; can be resource-intensive.
- Can optimize using
ProjectionExpression
and filter expressions.
- Can optimize using
- Query: Searches for items based on primary key attributes with better performance than a scan.
Indexing
- Two types of indexes enhance query efficiency:
- Local Secondary Index (LSI): Alternative sort key local to the partition key, limited to five per table.
- Global Secondary Index (GSI): Different partition and sort keys for queries, can be created later.
Capacity Management
- Provisioned Capacity: Users specify RCU and WCU based on expected traffic, can utilize auto scaling.
- On-demand Capacity: Automatically adjusts based on actual workload, ideal for unpredictable traffic.
Performance Optimization
- Throttling occurs if provision limits are exceeded; AWS SDKs automatically retry failed requests.
- Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for in-memory caching, enhancing read performance significantly.
Data TTL and Streams
- Time To Live (TTL): Automatically deletes expired items without extra costs or resource usage.
- DynamoDB Streams: Captures item-level modifications for 24 hours, allowing near real-time event processing (e.g., via AWS Lambda).
Security and Best Practices
- Uses IAM for authentication and access control; supports identity-based policies.
- Recommendations include keeping item sizes small, and separating frequently and infrequently accessed data.
Scalability and Global Tables
- Global Tables: Multi-region, multi-master configuration for global applications, ensuring low-latency data access.
- Supports automatic replication without partial item support; strongly consistent reads require operations within the same region.### Application Auto Scaling
- Auto Scaling does not automatically reduce provisioned capacity when consumed capacity reaches zero.
- Enabling DynamoDB auto scaling occurs by default when creating a table or global secondary index via the AWS Management Console.
High Availability Approaches for Databases
- Prefer DynamoDB over RDS due to its built-in fault tolerance.
- If DynamoDB is not an option, Amazon Aurora offers redundancy and automatic recovery, making it a strong alternative.
- In scenarios where neither DynamoDB nor Aurora is suitable, selecting Multi-AZ RDS provides enhanced availability.
- Regular RDS snapshots serve as a protection measure against data corruption or failure, with minimal performance impact in Multi-AZ deployments.
- Regional replication is available but lacks strong consistency guarantees.
- For databases hosted on EC2, high availability designs must be implemented manually.
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Test your knowledge of Amazon DynamoDB, a fast and fully managed NoSQL database service. Questions cover its features, benefits, and storage type.