Dynamics of Personality: Social Factors
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What term describes the tendency to interpret ambiguous behavior from others as intentional hostility?

  • Hostile Attributional Bias (correct)
  • Social Avoidance
  • Defensive Attribution
  • Cognitive Dissonance

How can a dominant person's behavior affect their partner's emotional state?

  • By promoting open communication
  • By enhancing shared decision-making
  • By fostering a sense of independence
  • By evoking upset through condescending actions (correct)

What is one way aggressive behavior perpetuates hostility in interactions?

  • It reinforces the aggressor's suspicion of others' intentions. (correct)
  • It diverts attention from the aggressor's actions.
  • It encourages forgiveness from others.
  • It leads to increased empathy from others.

In what manner might a person with low conscientiousness provoke emotional reactions in their partner?

<p>By neglecting personal grooming and being disorganized (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of an aggressive man eliciting the silent treatment from his partner?

<p>He becomes upset because of her noncommunication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of personality characteristic could directly influence the emotional reactions of others?

<p>Dominance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of a partner undermining the self-esteem of the other?

<p>It can lead to anger in the undermined partner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can personality characteristics indirectly upset others in a relationship?

<p>By eliciting negative behaviors from the other person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does complementary needs theory suggest about attraction between individuals?

<p>People seek partners with different personality dispositions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is described by the observation that individuals tend to marry people similar to themselves?

<p>Assortative mating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with attraction similarity theory?

<p>Attraction results from shared personality characteristics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reason is NOT cited for why assortative mating might occur?

<p>Different personality traits leading to attraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a byproduct of the selection process according to the content?

<p>Similarity in personality traits among long-term couples. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor could account for positive correlations in mate similarity outside of selection?

<p>Geographical proximity to potential partners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the complementary needs theory, which type of partner would a dominant individual likely prefer?

<p>Someone with submissive traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'birds of a feather flock together' represent in this context?

<p>The attraction similarity theory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic is predominantly used by individuals high in dominance?

<p>Coercion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personality traits are most likely to evoke likability in others?

<p>Extraversion and honesty-humility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does being extraverted affect an individual's likability?

<p>It enhances likability in both online and offline settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tactic do low-agreeable individuals frequently use to influence others?

<p>Silent treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is primarily associated with the use of the reason tactic in social influence?

<p>Agreeableness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an outcome of a person displaying low agreeableness and honesty-humility?

<p>They provoke annoyance and fear. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tactics do highly agreeable people typically employ?

<p>Pleasure induction and reason (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phenomenon of expectancy confirmation imply about beliefs?

<p>Beliefs can shape the behavior of others significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Snyder and Swann (1978), what was the effect of leading individuals to expect hostility?

<p>It led to the unsuspecting target behaving more aggressively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic is NOT commonly associated with low-agreeable individuals?

<p>Pleasure induction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is associated with conscientious individuals regarding social influence?

<p>Utilization of reason (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common phrase suggests the need for a change in environment to alter personality perception?

<p>To change your personality, you must relocate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do expectations about a person's reputation play in social interactions?

<p>They can evoke behaviors that reinforce those expectations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic did submissive individuals tend to use more frequently than their dominant counterparts?

<p>Hardball tactics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between likability and academic performance?

<p>Likability is linked to higher adjustment and academic performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of low-agreeable individuals in a group regarding resources?

<p>Act in a more selfish manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tactic used by emotionally unstable individuals to influence others?

<p>Regression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals low on Intellect–Openness generally attempt to influence others?

<p>By using social comparison (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dark triad personality trait is particularly associated with the use of hardball tactics?

<p>Machiavellianism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do conscientious individuals typically provide when influencing others?

<p>Logical explanations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic is less commonly associated with individuals high on Intellect–Openness?

<p>Social comparison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the findings regarding personality traits and social influence tactics?

<p>Personality dispositions significantly affect social interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional behaviors are characteristic of emotionally unstable individuals when trying to get their way?

<p>Pouting and whining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a tactic associated with individuals high on the dark triad traits?

<p>Compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does personality influence selection in a social context?

<p>Individuals select mates based on similar traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the evocation process in personality?

<p>Narcissistic individuals provoke admiration and contempt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does manipulation manifest according to personality traits?

<p>Neatness in one's environment is related to Conscientiousness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is likely to lead to a preference for city living?

<p>Extraversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely behavior of individuals characterized by low Conscientiousness?

<p>Having a messy, cluttered environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these personality traits is most likely to use reason and rationality in social manipulation?

<p>Intellect–Openness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between personality and physical environment selection?

<p>Introverts are inclined to choose quieter, rural settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a disagreeable person most likely manipulate their social interactions?

<p>By using silence as a form of punishment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Assortative Mating

The tendency for people to choose mates who are similar to themselves in various characteristics, including personality.

Complementary Needs Theory

A theory proposing that people are attracted to those with different personality traits than themselves, seeking a balance or complement.

Attraction Similarity Theory

A theory suggesting that people are drawn to those with personality characteristics similar to their own.

Mate Selection

The process by which individuals choose their romantic partners.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Similarity

The degree to which two people share similar personality traits or characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proximity

Physical closeness, a factor potentially influencing mate selection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Characteristics and Mates

People tend to choose partners with similar physical traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Judgments from Faces

Assortative mating can be seen even in partner's perceived personalities judged based only on faces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evocation

How personality traits cause others to react.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hostile attributional bias

Assuming others' behavior is hostile, even if it's not.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aggressive person

Someone who frequently acts hostile towards others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evocation of conflict in relationships

How personality traits lead to relationship problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Direct evocation

Personality traits directly causing emotional reactions in others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Indirect evocation

Personality traits causing reactions that upset the original person.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Condescending behavior

Treating someone in a superior, patronizing manner.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Silent treatment

Refusing to communicate with someone as a form of punishment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evocation of Likeability

The effect a person has on others by generating feelings of liking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expectancy Confirmation

People's beliefs about others' personalities influence the behaviors they evoke in those others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Traits and Liking

Agreeableness, sociability (extraversion), and honesty-humility generally evoke liking and pleasure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Traits and Dislike

Lack of agreeableness and honesty-humility can evoke negative reactions (pain) in others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Expectancy Confirmation)

Initial beliefs about a person's personality can lead to behaviors that confirm those beliefs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Influence of Beliefs

Our prior beliefs about others' personalities can significantly affect your interaction with them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evocation Effect

The process by which a person's characteristics evoke specific reactions from others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Impact of Reputation

Information about a person's reputation can affect the behaviors observed during interactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality and Social Environment

Personality does not exist in isolation, but actively shapes an individual's social world through selection, evocation, and manipulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selection

The process by which people choose their environments, relationships, and activities based on their personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manipulation

How personality influences changes in a person's social environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality and Physical Environment

Personality shapes an individual's physical surroundings through selection, evocation, and manipulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Traits and Evocation of Reactions

Different personality traits tend to evoke different reactions from others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality and Mate Selection

Individuals tend to select mates who share similar personalities due to shared interests and values.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality and Manipulation Tactics

Personality affects how people attempt to influence others, ranging from reasoned persuasion to indirect tactics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dominant People and Manipulation

People scoring high in dominance tend to use coercive tactics like demanding, threatening, and criticizing to get their way. They also use responsibility invocation, making others feel obligated to comply.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Submissive People and Manipulation

Submissive individuals often use self-abasement tactics, lowering themselves or feigning illness to influence others. Surprisingly, they also use hardball tactics like deception, lying, and even violence more frequently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Agreeable People and Manipulation

Agreeable individuals use pleasure induction and reason to influence others. They highlight the positive aspects of a behavior and provide logical justifications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disagreeable People and Manipulation

Disagreeable individuals resort to coercion, like threats and yelling, and the silent treatment to get their way. They also seek revenge and employ cost-inflicting tactics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conscientiousness and Manipulation

Conscientiousness is primarily associated with the use of reason as a tactic of social influence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manipulation in Romantic Relationships

Children with high agreeableness use reason and trust-building tactics to manipulate their parents' choice of a mate. Disagreeable children use coercion and the silent treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Group Resources and Agreeableness

Low-agreeable individuals tend to be more selfish with group resources, while high-agreeable individuals show restraint when resources are scarce.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Traits and Influence Tactics

Different personality traits are associated with different tactics of influencing others. Dominance, agreeableness, and conscientiousness each have corresponding manipulative techniques.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conscientious Tactic

Individuals high in conscientiousness often explain their reasoning, providing logical explanations and underlying rationale for their requests.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Low Conscientiousness and Tactics

Individuals low in conscientiousness are more likely to resort to manipulative or even criminal strategies to gain resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Emotional Instability Tactic

Emotionally unstable individuals use a variety of tactics, including coercion, reason, and monetary reward, but most commonly rely on regression—acting out emotionally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Strategic Emotional Volatility

The emotional outbursts of emotionally unstable individuals are not random; they are strategically used to influence others and achieve desired outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intellect-Openness Tactic

Individuals high in intellect-openness primarily use reason in their attempts to influence others. They also employ pleasure induction and responsibility invocation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Low Intellect-Openness Tactic

Individuals low in intellect-openness tend to use social comparison tactics, emphasizing how others are doing things or suggesting negative consequences for not complying.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dark Triad and Manipulation

Individuals scoring high on the dark triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) use various manipulative tactics, including coercion, hardball, and monetary reward.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hardball Tactic

Individuals high in dark triad traits are particularly prone to using the hardball tactic, which involves bullying or intimidation to influence others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Dynamics & Determinants of Personality: Social Factors

  • Two competing theories explain attraction:
    • Complementary needs theory: people are attracted to others with different personality dispositions; opposites attract
    • Attraction similarity theory: people are attracted to others with similar personality characteristics; birds of a feather flock together
  • Assortative mating is a common finding in mate selection; people marry similar others
  • Physical characteristics, including height, weight, and even nose breadth and earlobe length, show positive correlations in couples
  • Personality assessments based on photos also show assortative mating
  • Couples who have been together longest appear most similar, and couples who differ in personality break up more often
  • Proximity plays a role in marital choices, and people tend to marry those close by
  • Cultural factors like universities may prioritize similar individuals
  • Research supports the attraction similarity theory
  • Personality characteristics (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect-openness) have a significant impact on marital satisfaction
  • Individuals are more satisfied with their marriages if their partner is agreeable, emotionally stable, open-minded
  • A partner's agreeableness is a strong predictor of happiness for both men and women in marriages
  • Over time, marital satisfaction decreases, especially if spouses' personalities are considered progressively less desirable

Personality and the Selective Breakup of Couples

  • Breakups may occur more often when desires are violated than when they are fulfilled
  • Personality differences are a significant predictor of marital instability and divorce
  • Emotionally unstable individuals display high levels of jealousy and are prone to conflict, and their emotional upset lasts longer
  • Low impulse control is also a predictor of marital dissatisfaction, leading to divorce

Evocation

  • Evocation: the ways personality features elicit reactions from others
  • Aggressive people evoke hostility in others; expecting hostility, they treat others aggressively, confirming their initial perception.
  • Actions can evoke emotions in others (like condescending or neglectful behavior)

Evocation of Likability, Pleasure, and Pain

  • Likability is linked with adjustment, mental health, and even academic performance.
  • Agreeableness, the sociable component of extraversion, and honesty-humility consistently evoke likability in others and, in turn, pleasure
  • Extraversion increases likability in online contexts
  • Low agreeableness and honesty-humility evoke pain, irritation, and intimidation in others

Evocation through Expectancy Confirmation

  • Expectancy confirmation means people's beliefs about others' personalities shape how they interact with and react to others
  • People act in ways consistent with their beliefs about others' personalities, confirming those initial beliefs (self-fulfilling prophecy)
  • Expectancies affect everyday interactions and can constrain a person's ability to change

Manipulation: Social Influence Tactics

  • Manipulation or social influence: ways people intentionally change others' behavior.
  • The term manipulation is descriptive, not necessarily negative
  • Natural selection favors individuals adept at manipulating objects and others in their environment.
  • There are no substantial sex differences in using social influence tactics
  • Parents, however, use different tactics to influence their children's mate choices.
  • Personality factors such as dominance and agreeableness correlate with manipulation tactics
  • Highly dominant people use coercion, threatening and criticizing
  • Highly agreeable people use logic and reasoning.
  • Emotionally unstable people use regression (crying, whining, sulking)
  • High intellect-openness people use reason.

Summary

  • Personality heavily influences social interactions- it is not just in the head.
  • Three key processes: selection, evocation, and manipulation
  • Personality affects mate and friend choices, behaviors, and reactions from others, and environmental adaptations.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Dynamics & Determinants of Personality PDF

Description

This quiz explores the social determinants of personality, focusing on theories of attraction such as complementary needs and attraction similarity. It examines how physical and personality traits influence mate selection, the effects of proximity, and the role of cultural factors in relationships. Test your understanding of how these dynamics shape human connections.

More Like This

The Attraction and Relationships Quiz
41 questions

The Attraction and Relationships Quiz

FreePelican avatar
FreePelican
The Psychology of Interpersonal Attraction
22 questions

The Psychology of Interpersonal Attraction

CleanestRhodonite avatar
CleanestRhodonite
Sexual Selection and Attraction Theories
13 questions

Sexual Selection and Attraction Theories

RealisticCarnelian5050 avatar
RealisticCarnelian5050
Personality and Social Interaction
20 questions

Personality and Social Interaction

StateOfTheArtArchetype avatar
StateOfTheArtArchetype
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser