Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which theory suggests that individuals are attracted to those who have different personality traits?
Which theory suggests that individuals are attracted to those who have different personality traits?
- Personality Compatibility Theory
- Similar Trait Attraction Theory
- Complementary Needs Theory (correct)
- Attraction Similarity Theory
What characteristic is considered most favored in mutual attraction according to the content?
What characteristic is considered most favored in mutual attraction according to the content?
- Emotional stability
- Mutual attraction/love (correct)
- Pleasing disposition
- Dependable character
Which concept describes the tendency for people to select partners with similar personality traits?
Which concept describes the tendency for people to select partners with similar personality traits?
- Complementary Needs
- Heterosexual Pairing
- Dominance Matching
- Assortative Mating (correct)
What is a primary mechanism by which personality traits influence social interactions?
What is a primary mechanism by which personality traits influence social interactions?
What is a major factor that contributes to the significant correlation between personality traits of dogs and their owners?
What is a major factor that contributes to the significant correlation between personality traits of dogs and their owners?
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the Attraction Similarity Theory?
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the Attraction Similarity Theory?
Which hypothesis addresses whether sheer proximity or preference drives assortative mating?
Which hypothesis addresses whether sheer proximity or preference drives assortative mating?
How does emotional stability relate to partner selection?
How does emotional stability relate to partner selection?
Which of the following is NOT one of the key processes that personality influences in relationships?
Which of the following is NOT one of the key processes that personality influences in relationships?
What aspect of partner selection is significantly influenced by mutual attraction?
What aspect of partner selection is significantly influenced by mutual attraction?
Which personality characteristic is NOT associated with higher marital satisfaction?
Which personality characteristic is NOT associated with higher marital satisfaction?
What predicts couples' decisions to selectively break up?
What predicts couples' decisions to selectively break up?
What term describes the belief that one's personality characteristics elicit specific responses from others?
What term describes the belief that one's personality characteristics elicit specific responses from others?
Which behavior is likely associated with shy individuals during social interactions?
Which behavior is likely associated with shy individuals during social interactions?
What is a common misconception about individuals who exhibit everyday sadism?
What is a common misconception about individuals who exhibit everyday sadism?
How does an aggressive individual's behavior typically affect others?
How does an aggressive individual's behavior typically affect others?
Which situation exemplifies situational avoidance due to shyness?
Which situation exemplifies situational avoidance due to shyness?
What underlying principle explains why unfulfilled desires lead to relationship dissatisfaction?
What underlying principle explains why unfulfilled desires lead to relationship dissatisfaction?
In what way does personality directly influence interpersonal upset?
In what way does personality directly influence interpersonal upset?
Which characteristic is typically associated with sadistic individuals according to their perceived view of others?
Which characteristic is typically associated with sadistic individuals according to their perceived view of others?
Flashcards
Complementary Needs Theory
Complementary Needs Theory
The idea that individuals are drawn to partners who possess personality traits complementary to their own, suggesting opposites attract.
Attraction Similarity Theory
Attraction Similarity Theory
Suggests individuals are attracted to partners with similar personality characteristics, supporting the notion that 'birds of a feather flock together.'
Assortative Mating
Assortative Mating
The tendency for individuals to select partners who are similar to themselves in personality traits.
Selection
Selection
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Evocation
Evocation
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Manipulation
Manipulation
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Person Similarity: Dogs and Owners
Person Similarity: Dogs and Owners
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Assortative Mating Causes: Preference
Assortative Mating Causes: Preference
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Big Five Personality Factors
Big Five Personality Factors
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People Get the Partners They Want?
People Get the Partners They Want?
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Partner Preferences & Actual Personality
Partner Preferences & Actual Personality
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Personality Traits for Marital Satisfaction
Personality Traits for Marital Satisfaction
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Violation of Desire Theory
Violation of Desire Theory
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Shyness & Situational Avoidance
Shyness & Situational Avoidance
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Personality Evocation
Personality Evocation
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Expectancy Confirmation
Expectancy Confirmation
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Aggressive Personalities and Hostility
Aggressive Personalities and Hostility
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Sadistic First Impressions
Sadistic First Impressions
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Personality & Interpersonal Upset
Personality & Interpersonal Upset
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Direct Effect (Personality & Upset)
Direct Effect (Personality & Upset)
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Study Notes
Personality and Social Interaction
- Personality traits influence relationships in three key ways: selection, evocation, and manipulation.
- Selection: Individuals choose partners based on their own personalities and characteristics. Mutual attraction and characteristics like dependability, emotional stability, and a pleasing disposition are highly valued selection criteria.
- Evocation: Personality traits can elicit responses from others. For example, Donald Trump's personality might evoke hostile reactions in others.
- Manipulation: People intentionally act to influence others' behaviour. This can involve various tactics. The text suggests women, more often than men, use regression, silent treatment, and hardball tactics.
- Attraction Theories: Two competing theories:
- Complementary Needs Theory: People are attracted to those with different personality dispositions, as these differences complement each other. This is sometimes seen as opposite attracting opposites.
- Attraction Similarity Theory: People are attracted to those with similar personality characteristics. This is a more common and strong predictor of relationships.
- Assortative Mating: Couples who have been together longer tend to be more similar in personality. This suggests a strong preference for partners who share similar characteristics.
- Personality & Marital Satisfaction: Positive correlations between partner personalities (agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness) and marital satisfaction, are highly correlated.
Evoking Anger and Upset
- Personality Predictors (Buss, 1991): Disagreeableness and neuroticism are significant predictors of evoking anger and upset in couples.
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Initial expectations about a person's personality characteristics can lead to behaviours that confirm those expectations. This can result in evoking predictable responses.
Evoking Likeability
- Certain personality traits evoke positive responses from others. These include agreeableness, honesty-humility, and extraversion.
Manipulation Tactics
- Manipulation: People intentionally alter other people's behaviours. This involves various tactics.
- Personality Predictors of Manipulation: Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness are predictors. High levels of extraversion are linked to coercion, responsibility invocation, and pleasure induction. Low extraversion is associated with self-abasement, hard ball tactics, and social comparison.
First Impressions
- Everyday Sadism: A tendency to enjoy cruelty. People with this trait are seen as less likeable, less trustworthy, and less physically attractive.
- Shy Women avoid: Avoid gynecological exams, asking sexual partners to use contraception, placing risky bets in gambling experiments.
Inter-Personal Conflict
- Direct and Indirect Effects: Personality traits can directly or indirectly influence whether someone upsets others..
- Tactics: Specific, actionable examples are provided for various manipulation tactics.
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