Dynamic Systems Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of variability in normal function according to therapists?

  • To restrict movement patterns
  • To encourage flexible movement patterns (correct)
  • To make movements slower
  • To ignore performance goals

    • What happens when two fingers are moved out of phase and speed is increased?

  • The fingers move in sync
  • The movement speed decreases
  • An abrupt phase transition occurs (correct)
  • A gradual transition occurs

    • What is the underlying factor considered in movement problems according to Systems Theory?

  • Neural factors only
  • Genetic factors
  • Musculoskeletal factors (correct)
  • Environmental factors

    • What emerges from the interaction of multiple elements?

    <p>Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can changes in movement not necessarily result from?

    <p>Changes, e.g. neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body viewed as in Systems Theory?

    <p>A mechanical system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emerges as a result of interacting elements?

    <p>Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a control parameter in a dynamic system?

    <p>To regulate change in the entire system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the dynamic action perspective?

    <p>Physical explanations for movement characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of optimal amount of variability in movement?

    <p>Flexible and adaptive strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of therapeutic strategies in dynamic systems theory?

    <p>To reduce error and guide movement towards an optimal pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal state of variability in movement?

    <p>Optimal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a change in a control parameter?

    <p>Emergence of new movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of movement in dynamic systems theory?

    <p>As an emerging property of interacting elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the task-oriented approach?

    <p>Solving movement problems in a behavioral goal-oriented environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of abnormal movement patterns?

    <p>Direct result of neural lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the neurologic approaches?

    <p>Returning to normal movement patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the environment in the task-oriented approach?

    <p>Constraining movement problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the neurotherapeutic contemporary approach?

    <p>Rehabilitating the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of repetition in movement patterns?

    <p>Transfer to functional tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the patient in the task-oriented approach?

    <p>Actively solving movement problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the motor control models?

    <p>Hierarchical systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Gibson's Ecological Theory?

    <p>Perception and action coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to guide action in a specific environment?

    <p>Perceptual information of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the organism in the environment according to Gibson's Theory?

    <p>To explore the environment to satisfy its own goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of broadening our understanding of nervous system function?

    <p>A focus on perception and action coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between perception and action in Gibson's Theory?

    <p>Perception and action are coupled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the organism in the environment according to Gibson's Theory?

    <p>To explore the environment to satisfy its own goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of perceptual information in the environment?

    <p>To modify and control movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of attention in Gibson's Ecological Theory?

    <p>To direct attention to task goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dynamic Systems Theory

    • Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple elements, with no need for specific neural or motor commands.
    • Variability is a normal and optimal aspect of movement, allowing for flexible and adaptive strategies to meet environmental demands.
    • The dynamic action perspective de-emphasizes the notion of commands from the central nervous system in controlling movement.
    • A control parameter is a variable that regulates change in the behavior of the entire system, such as velocity.

    Therapeutic Implications

    • When variability is viewed as an error, therapists use strategies to reduce error and guide patients towards optimal and stable movement patterns.
    • When variability is viewed as a critical element of normal function, therapists encourage patients to explore variable and flexible movement patterns.

    Clinical Implications

    • The body is a mechanical system, and clinicians should consider musculoskeletal factors underlying a patient's movement problem.
    • Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple elements, with self-organizing properties.
    • Changes in movement may not necessarily result from changes in neural commands, e.g., faster vs. slower gait.

    Ecological Theory (Gibson's Theory)

    • Actions require perceptual information specific to the task goal and environmental factors.
    • The organization of action is specific to the task and environment in which it is performed.
    • Attention is necessary to link "perception" and "action".
    • The ecological perspective broadens our understanding of nervous system function from a sensory/motor system to a perception/action system.

    Neurologic Rehabilitation Approaches

    • Motor control models: Reflex, Hierarchical, Systems
    • Neurotherapeutic approaches: Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT), PNF
    • Brunnstrom, Bobath, and other neurologic rehabilitation models

    Task-Oriented Approach

    • Movement is organized around a behavioral goal and is constrained by the environment.
    • Patients learn by actively attempting to solve the movement problem rather than by repetitively practicing normal patterns of movement.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the principles of self-organization and movement emergence in dynamic systems theory, including the role of interacting elements and variability in movement.

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