30 Questions
What is the role of variability in normal function according to therapists?
To encourage flexible movement patterns
What happens when two fingers are moved out of phase and speed is increased?
An abrupt phase transition occurs
What is the underlying factor considered in movement problems according to Systems Theory?
Musculoskeletal factors
What emerges from the interaction of multiple elements?
Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple elements
What can changes in movement not necessarily result from?
Changes, e.g. neural
What is the body viewed as in Systems Theory?
A mechanical system
What emerges as a result of interacting elements?
Movement
What is the role of a control parameter in a dynamic system?
To regulate change in the entire system
What is the focus of the dynamic action perspective?
Physical explanations for movement characteristics
What is the result of optimal amount of variability in movement?
Flexible and adaptive strategies
What is the goal of therapeutic strategies in dynamic systems theory?
To reduce error and guide movement towards an optimal pattern
What is the normal state of variability in movement?
Optimal
What is the result of a change in a control parameter?
Emergence of new movement
What is the view of movement in dynamic systems theory?
As an emerging property of interacting elements
What is the primary focus of the task-oriented approach?
Solving movement problems in a behavioral goal-oriented environment
What is the result of abnormal movement patterns?
Direct result of neural lesion
What is the goal of the neurologic approaches?
Returning to normal movement patterns
What is the role of the environment in the task-oriented approach?
Constraining movement problems
What is the focus of the neurotherapeutic contemporary approach?
Rehabilitating the nervous system
What is the result of repetition in movement patterns?
Transfer to functional tasks
What is the role of the patient in the task-oriented approach?
Actively solving movement problems
What is the focus of the motor control models?
Hierarchical systems
What is the primary focus of Gibson's Ecological Theory?
Perception and action coupling
What is necessary to guide action in a specific environment?
Perceptual information of the environment
What is the role of the organism in the environment according to Gibson's Theory?
To explore the environment to satisfy its own goals
What is the result of broadening our understanding of nervous system function?
A focus on perception and action coupling
What is the relationship between perception and action in Gibson's Theory?
Perception and action are coupled
What is the goal of the organism in the environment according to Gibson's Theory?
To explore the environment to satisfy its own goals
What is the primary function of perceptual information in the environment?
To modify and control movement
What is the role of attention in Gibson's Ecological Theory?
To direct attention to task goals
Study Notes
Dynamic Systems Theory
- Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple elements, with no need for specific neural or motor commands.
- Variability is a normal and optimal aspect of movement, allowing for flexible and adaptive strategies to meet environmental demands.
- The dynamic action perspective de-emphasizes the notion of commands from the central nervous system in controlling movement.
- A control parameter is a variable that regulates change in the behavior of the entire system, such as velocity.
Therapeutic Implications
- When variability is viewed as an error, therapists use strategies to reduce error and guide patients towards optimal and stable movement patterns.
- When variability is viewed as a critical element of normal function, therapists encourage patients to explore variable and flexible movement patterns.
Clinical Implications
- The body is a mechanical system, and clinicians should consider musculoskeletal factors underlying a patient's movement problem.
- Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple elements, with self-organizing properties.
- Changes in movement may not necessarily result from changes in neural commands, e.g., faster vs. slower gait.
Ecological Theory (Gibson's Theory)
- Actions require perceptual information specific to the task goal and environmental factors.
- The organization of action is specific to the task and environment in which it is performed.
- Attention is necessary to link "perception" and "action".
- The ecological perspective broadens our understanding of nervous system function from a sensory/motor system to a perception/action system.
Neurologic Rehabilitation Approaches
- Motor control models: Reflex, Hierarchical, Systems
- Neurotherapeutic approaches: Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT), PNF
- Brunnstrom, Bobath, and other neurologic rehabilitation models
Task-Oriented Approach
- Movement is organized around a behavioral goal and is constrained by the environment.
- Patients learn by actively attempting to solve the movement problem rather than by repetitively practicing normal patterns of movement.
This quiz covers the principles of self-organization and movement emergence in dynamic systems theory, including the role of interacting elements and variability in movement.
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