Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of route has the highest preference in routing decisions?
Which type of route has the highest preference in routing decisions?
What is the administrative distance of static routes?
What is the administrative distance of static routes?
Which routing protocol converges faster?
Which routing protocol converges faster?
Which process is used to find the best route for a destination IP address?
Which process is used to find the best route for a destination IP address?
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What does convergence refer to in networking?
What does convergence refer to in networking?
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Which protocol has the highest administrative distance?
Which protocol has the highest administrative distance?
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What is the primary factor in route selection in routing tables?
What is the primary factor in route selection in routing tables?
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What is a primary purpose of dynamic routing protocols?
What is a primary purpose of dynamic routing protocols?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of dynamic routing?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of dynamic routing?
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Which type of protocol does not maintain a complete view of the network topology?
Which type of protocol does not maintain a complete view of the network topology?
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What differentiates classful protocols from classless protocols?
What differentiates classful protocols from classless protocols?
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Which metric is used by routing protocols to determine the best path?
Which metric is used by routing protocols to determine the best path?
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What algorithm does OSPF use to compute the shortest path?
What algorithm does OSPF use to compute the shortest path?
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What is a characteristic feature of EIGRP?
What is a characteristic feature of EIGRP?
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Which of the following protocols is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol?
Which of the following protocols is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol?
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Static routes have an administrative distance of 1.
Static routes have an administrative distance of 1.
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RIP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF.
RIP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF.
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Distance-vector protocols like RIP converge faster than link-state protocols like OSPF.
Distance-vector protocols like RIP converge faster than link-state protocols like OSPF.
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A directly connected route is the most trusted path in a routing table.
A directly connected route is the most trusted path in a routing table.
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Convergence refers to a state where all routers have inconsistent routing information.
Convergence refers to a state where all routers have inconsistent routing information.
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EIGRP has an administrative distance of 90.
EIGRP has an administrative distance of 90.
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All routing protocols utilize the same metrics for path selection.
All routing protocols utilize the same metrics for path selection.
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Dynamic routing protocols automatically discover and maintain static routing information.
Dynamic routing protocols automatically discover and maintain static routing information.
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Link-State Protocols build a full topology map of the network.
Link-State Protocols build a full topology map of the network.
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Classful protocols send subnet mask information along with routing updates.
Classful protocols send subnet mask information along with routing updates.
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RIP updates routing information every 60 seconds.
RIP updates routing information every 60 seconds.
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Distance-Vector Protocols have a complete view of the network topology.
Distance-Vector Protocols have a complete view of the network topology.
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EIGRP uses the Dijkstra algorithm for fast convergence.
EIGRP uses the Dijkstra algorithm for fast convergence.
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The maximum hop count for RIP is 10.
The maximum hop count for RIP is 10.
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Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) are used in the OSPF protocol.
Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) are used in the OSPF protocol.
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Study Notes
Dynamic Routing Overview
- Dynamic routing protocols automatically discover and maintain routing information, updating as the network changes.
- Network changes are handled by finding new paths and adjusting the routing tables in real-time.
- Key features include discovering remote networks, maintaining current routing tables, determining optimal paths, and adjusting to network changes swiftly.
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: Reduced administrative overhead, automatic topology adaptability, well-suited for complex networks.
- Disadvantages: Router resource consumption (CPU and bandwidth), slower convergence than static routing, increased troubleshooting complexity.
Dynamic Routing Protocol Types
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Distance-Vector Protocols:
- Exchange routing updates with neighbouring routers (e.g., RIP, EIGRP).
- Utilize metrics like hops, cost, or delay to determine path quality.
- Do not maintain a complete network topology map.
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Link-State Protocols:
- Create a complete network topology map (e.g., OSPF, IS-IS).
- Employ algorithms (like Dijkstra's) to find shortest paths.
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Hybrid Protocols:
- Combine elements of both types (e.g., EIGRP).
Routing Protocol Classifications
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Classful vs. Classless:
- Classful protocols (like RIPv1, IGRP) lack subnet mask information.
- Classless protocols (like RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF) support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
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Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP):
- Used within an Autonomous System (e.g., RIP, EIGRP, OSPF).
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Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP):
- Used between Autonomous Systems (e.g., BGP).
Key Routing Metrics
- Hops: Number of routers to reach a destination.
- Bandwidth: Network link capacity.
- Delay: Time to traverse a connection.
- Reliability: Link stability.
- Load: Network usage.
Distance-Vector Protocols Details
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RIP:
- Updates every 30 seconds.
- Maximum hop count: 15.
- Uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm.
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EIGRP:
- Employs the DUAL algorithm for fast convergence.
- Supports multiple network layer protocols.
- Updates sent only when the topology changes.
Link-State Protocols Details
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OSPF:
- Creates a topology map through Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).
- Faster convergence, using Dijkstra's algorithm.
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IS-IS:
- Commonly used in provider networks.
- Similar functionality to OSPF.
Routing Table Concepts
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Route Types:
- Directly connected, static, or dynamically learned routes.
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Lookup Process:
- Finds the longest prefix match for a destination IP address.
- Prioritizes routes with lower administrative distances.
Administrative Distance
- Measures routing source reliability.
- Directly connected: 0 (most preferred).
- Static routes: 1.
- RIP: 120, OSPF: 110, EIGRP: 90.
Convergence
- Network convergence means all routers have consistent, accurate routing information.
- Distance-vector protocols (like RIP) are typically slower to converge.
- Link-state protocols (like OSPF) converge more quickly.
Study Focus
- Understand the features and differences between RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF.
- Master how routes are selected based on metrics and administrative distance.
- Practice interpreting routing tables and tracing packet paths.
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Description
Explore the essentials of dynamic routing protocols, including their advantages and disadvantages. Learn about key types such as Distance-Vector and Link-State protocols and how they adapt to changes in network topology. This quiz will cover the automatic discovery and maintenance of routing information in networks.
