Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of route has the lowest administrative distance?
What type of route has the lowest administrative distance?
- Directly connected route (correct)
- RIP route
- OSPF route
- Static route
Which protocol converges faster, OSPF or RIP?
Which protocol converges faster, OSPF or RIP?
- RIP
- EIGRP
- OSPF (correct)
- BGP
When selecting a route, which criteria is considered second after the prefix match?
When selecting a route, which criteria is considered second after the prefix match?
- Routing source type
- Route metric
- Administrative distance (correct)
- Protocol type
What is the administrative distance of EIGRP?
What is the administrative distance of EIGRP?
Which of the following routes is dynamically learned?
Which of the following routes is dynamically learned?
What signifies that a network has converged?
What signifies that a network has converged?
Which route has the highest administrative distance?
Which route has the highest administrative distance?
What is one primary disadvantage of dynamic routing protocols?
What is one primary disadvantage of dynamic routing protocols?
Which of the following metrics is NOT typically considered in routing protocols?
Which of the following metrics is NOT typically considered in routing protocols?
What differentiates classful routing protocols from classless ones?
What differentiates classful routing protocols from classless ones?
Which type of dynamic routing protocol builds a full topology map of the network?
Which type of dynamic routing protocol builds a full topology map of the network?
What is a key feature of Hybrid routing protocols?
What is a key feature of Hybrid routing protocols?
Which protocol is an example of an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)?
Which protocol is an example of an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)?
What is the purpose of the DUAL algorithm used in EIGRP?
What is the purpose of the DUAL algorithm used in EIGRP?
How often does RIP send updates to its routing tables?
How often does RIP send updates to its routing tables?
A directly connected route has the highest administrative distance of 0.
A directly connected route has the highest administrative distance of 0.
Link-state protocols like RIP converge faster than distance-vector protocols.
Link-state protocols like RIP converge faster than distance-vector protocols.
EIGRP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF.
EIGRP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF.
Static routes are less preferred than dynamically learned routes based on administrative distance.
Static routes are less preferred than dynamically learned routes based on administrative distance.
Convergence occurs when all routers in a network have inconsistent routing information.
Convergence occurs when all routers in a network have inconsistent routing information.
RIP is an example of a link-state routing protocol.
RIP is an example of a link-state routing protocol.
Administrative distance is a critical factor in route selection for network protocols.
Administrative distance is a critical factor in route selection for network protocols.
Dynamic routing protocols do not automatically discover routing information.
Dynamic routing protocols do not automatically discover routing information.
One advantage of dynamic routing is that it reduces administrative overhead.
One advantage of dynamic routing is that it reduces administrative overhead.
Distance-Vector protocols have a complete view of the network topology.
Distance-Vector protocols have a complete view of the network topology.
Classful protocols send subnet mask information.
Classful protocols send subnet mask information.
Link-State protocols build a topology map of the network using Link-State Advertisements.
Link-State protocols build a topology map of the network using Link-State Advertisements.
EIGRP uses the Dijkstra's algorithm for routing.
EIGRP uses the Dijkstra's algorithm for routing.
The maximum hop count for RIP is 30.
The maximum hop count for RIP is 30.
Reliability is one of the key metrics used in routing protocols.
Reliability is one of the key metrics used in routing protocols.
Flashcards
Route Types
Route Types
Routes are categorized as directly connected, static, or dynamically learned.
Routing Table Lookup
Routing Table Lookup
Finds the best route by matching the longest network prefix to the destination IP address.
Administrative Distance
Administrative Distance
A measure of how trustworthy a routing source is.
Directly Connected Route
Directly Connected Route
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RIP Administrative Distance
RIP Administrative Distance
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Convergence
Convergence
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OSPF vs. RIP Convergence
OSPF vs. RIP Convergence
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Dynamic Routing
Dynamic Routing
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Distance-Vector Protocols
Distance-Vector Protocols
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Link-State Protocols
Link-State Protocols
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RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
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OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
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Classless Routing
Classless Routing
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Routing Metrics
Routing Metrics
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EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
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Distance-Vector Routing
Distance-Vector Routing
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Link-State Routing
Link-State Routing
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Static Route
Static Route
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Dynamically Learned Route
Dynamically Learned Route
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Longest Prefix Match
Longest Prefix Match
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RIP Convergence
RIP Convergence
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OSPF Convergence
OSPF Convergence
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EIGRP
EIGRP
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Study Notes
Dynamic Routing Overview
- Dynamic routing protocols automatically discover and maintain routing information.
- Purpose: Discover remote networks, maintain up-to-date routing tables, determine the best path, adjust to network changes.
- Reduces administrative overhead, automatically adapts to topology changes, suitable for large complex networks.
Dynamic Routing Protocol Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: Reduces administrative overhead, automatically adapts to topology changes, suitable for large complex networks.
- Disadvantages: Requires router resources (CPU, bandwidth), slower convergence compared to static routing, adds complexity to troubleshooting.
Dynamic Routing Protocol Types
- Distance-Vector Protocols: Share routing updates with neighbors (e.g., RIP, EIGRP). Less detailed network map. Metrics include hops, cost, or delay.
- Link-State Protocols: Build a full network topology map (e.g., OSPF, IS-IS). Employ algorithms like Dijkstra's to compute shortest path. More detailed network map.
- Hybrid Protocols: Combine elements of both types (e.g., EIGRP).
Routing Protocol Classifications
- Classful vs. Classless: Classful protocols (e.g., RIPv1, IGRP) don't send subnet mask information. Classless protocols (e.g., RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF) support VLSM and CIDR.
- Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP): Used within an Autonomous System (e.g., RIP, EIGRP, OSPF).
- Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP): Used between Autonomous Systems (e.g., BGP).
Key Metrics In Routing Protocols
- Metrics determine the best path: Hops (number of routers to destination), Bandwidth (link capacity), Delay (time), Reliability (link stability), Load (network usage).
Distance-Vector Protocols Details
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol): Updates every 30 seconds, maximum hop count of 15, uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm.
- EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): Uses DUAL algorithm for fast convergence, supports multiple network layer protocols, sends updates only when topology changes.
Link-State Protocols Details
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): Builds topology map using Link-State Advertisements (LSAs), faster convergence using Dijkstra's algorithm.
- IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System): Commonly in provider networks, similar to OSPF in functionality.
Routing Table Concepts
- Route Types: Directly connected, static, or dynamically learned routes.
- Lookup Process: Searches for longest prefix match for destination IP, prefers routes with lowest administrative distance.
Administrative Distance
- Administrative distance determines trustworthiness of a routing source. Directly connected = 0 (most preferred), Static = 1, RIP = 120, OSPF = 110, EIGRP = 90.
Convergence
- Convergence: Network converges when all routers have complete and accurate routing information.
- Speed of Convergence: Distance-vector protocols slower (e.g., RIP), Link-state protocols faster (e.g., OSPF).
Study Focus
- Understand protocols (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF features/differences).
- Metrics and administrative distance.
- Routing table analysis (interpreting, tracing packet paths).
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