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Questions and Answers
What are the basic building blocks of matter?
Atoms
Which of the following are components of an atom?
Electrons can exist in between shells.
False
What happens during ionization?
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What are isotopes?
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The stable form of an element is called an ______.
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What are the two main types of collision at the atomic level?
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What is the primary use of radioisotopes in medicine?
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What percentage of electrons are typically converted to heat during collisions?
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Match the electron shells with the number of electrons they can hold:
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Study Notes
Radiation Physics
- Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, while cells are the basic units of life.
- Atoms consist of three components: electrons (charged negative), protons (charged positive), and neutrons (neutral).
- Electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus and can transition between these shells, producing light as a byproduct.
- Electron displacement between shells is known as excitation, while ionization occurs when an incoming electron dislodges another electron, resulting in radiation.
Atomic Structure
- In a stable atom, the number of protons is balanced by the same number of electrons, making it electrically neutral.
- Protons and neutrons are concentrated in the nucleus, while electrons orbit in predetermined circular or elliptical paths.
Isotopes and Radioisotopes
- Isotopes have the same atomic number (number of protons) but differ in atomic mass due to varying numbers of neutrons.
- Stable isotopes are harmless, while unstable ones are classified as radioisotopes, which emit radiation to achieve stability.
- Radioisotopes are utilized in medical contexts, such as cancer radiation therapy.
Electron Interaction
- High-speed electrons can collide with tungsten atoms in two ways: producing heat (99% of the time) and X-rays (1% of the time).
- Heat is generated when incoming electrons are deflected by outer-shell tungsten electrons, losing energy in the process.
Electron Shells
- Electron shells are designated as K, L, M, N, O, with each shell containing subshells:
- S shell can hold 2 electrons
- P shell can hold 6 electrons
- D shell can hold 10 electrons
- F shell can hold 14 electrons
- G shell can hold 18 electrons
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Description
Test your knowledge on Radiation Physics, Periapical X-Ray Machines, and Radiation Biology. This quiz covers Lectures 3, 4, and 5 presented by Dr. Christian M. Beltran. Prepare for your prelim exam in the 2nd semester of the 3rd year Clinical Dental Sciences course.
