Duodenum and Pancreas

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Questions and Answers

Which class of nutrients largely makes up the tissues of the sea star and the herring gull?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential nutrients required by animals?

  • Vitamins
  • Essential amino acids
  • Essential fatty acids
  • Nucleic acids (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a source of complete proteins?

  • Most plant proteins (correct)
  • Eggs
  • Cheese
  • Meat

Which category of animals sifts small food particles from the surrounding medium?

<p>Filter feeders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough to absorb?

<p>Digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients are required in the diet in very small amounts?

<p>Vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if a diet does not provide enough chemical energy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method do scientists use to study the microbiome?

<p>DNA sequencing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of stomach ulcers?

<p>H. pylori (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fecal microbial transplantation?

<p>To treat diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones regulate glucose homeostasis?

<p>Insulin and glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas?

<p>Type 1 diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the tests for diabetes?

<p>Urine sugar test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone triggers feelings of hunger before meals?

<p>Ghrelin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of obesity?

<p>Excess accumulation of fat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces the proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are activated in the lumen of the duodenum?

<p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major component of bile and facilitates digestion of fats by dispersing big droplets of fats to small droplets?

<p>Bile salts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine has a huge surface area due to villi and microvilli that are exposed to the intestinal lumen?

<p>Jejunum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the extension of the human cecum called, which plays a minor role in immunity?

<p>Appendix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of digestion occurs in compartments that are continuous with the outside of the animal’s body?

<p>Extracellular digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a digestive tube with two openings, a mouth and an anus?

<p>Alimentary canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glands secrete digestive juices through ducts into the alimentary canal in mammals?

<p>Salivary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that churn the stomach’s contents?

<p>Peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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