dUMP to TMP Conversion

• dUMP converts to dUMP through water removal.

Synthesis of TMP from dUMP

• N5N10 methylene tetrahydrofolate is the co-enzyme.

• Thymidylate synthase helps dUMP convert to TMP.

• OMP converts to UMP via orotidylate decarboxylase.

• UMP phosphorylation to UDP is facilitated by the enzyme kinase.

• UDP phosphorylation forms UTP.

• CTP requires ATP and glutamine as molecules

• CTP is also formed by the enzyme CTP synthetase

• UDP is necessary to synthesize TMP

• UAP converts to by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase

• NADPH is the co-enzyme

• Ribonucleoside diphosphate reduces to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate.

• The reduction of two hydroxyl Phostinpurinn and Pyrimidine are catalyzed by complex gigantic enzymes

• Ribonucleotide reductase offers deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate for synthesis and DNA repair.

• Enzyme Complex 15 functions when cells are synthesizing DNA

• Reduction demands reduced Thioredoxin, Thioredoxin inductarse and MADPH

• Immediate reduction is produced by MARPH dependent reduction of oxidized thioredoxin

• Fibonulleoside diphosphate to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate is Substratied to Complex Regulatory Control

• It achieves production of leaxyribonucleoside diphosphate for DNA synthesis

• Dihydroorotic acid converts to orotic acid using dihydro orotate dehydrogenase.

• Orotic acid converts to orotidine monophosphate

• Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and PRPP are required for the process

Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine

• Initial reaction catalyst in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis is Cabo Grasolic
• Carbomyl phosphate Synthase 2 is different from Carbamide Synthase I of Urea
• Compartmentalization provides an independent pool of carbonyl phosphate of sach proceed.
• PRPP serves as a scaffold in purine biosynthesis and participates in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
• Pyrimidine biosynthesis is energetically costly
• Carbonyl Phosphate production involves CO2, glutamine, and ATP
• Carbonyl phosphate Synthase 2 catalyzes the reaction.
• Carbonyl phosphate and aspatate sulphate creates Carbonyl aspabe acid
• Aspatate transCarbonylase catalyzation enables the reaction
• Carbony aspartic acid converts to dihydro-orobic acid through the emzyme dihydro orolase

dUMP converts to TMP via water removal, with N5N10 methylene tetrahydrofolate as the co-enzyme. Thymidylate synthase facilitates this conversion. Other processes such as OMP to UMP, UMP phosphorylation to UDP, and UDP phosphorylation to UTP also occur. CTP requires ATP and glutamine.